850 



POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



wood had failed. It practiced a kind of 

 co-operation and had some distinguished 

 friends to wish it well. Among the speakers 

 at its meetings was Dr. Frederic Hollick, 

 still living, now a resident of New York city. 

 The co-operative society was started as a 

 means of getting cheaper flour for its mem- 

 bers. Od February 25, 1847, an appeal 

 headed "Holbeck Anti-Corn Mill Associ- 

 ation " was issued to the working classes of 

 Leeds and vicinity by the " working people 

 of Messrs. Benyon & Co.'s mill," Holbeck, 

 iuviting combination and subscriptions for 

 establishing a mill to be the property of the 

 subscribers and their successors, " in order to 

 supply them with flour and flour only." 

 Meetings were held, an organization was 

 effected, and the mill was started. The his- 

 tory of the society and how it grew, how 

 " flour only " was stricken from its scheme 

 and other things were added and it branched 

 out, how co-operative stores were established, 

 how it gained the confidence of the public 

 and the respect of rivals in business, its suc- 

 cesses and its mistakes, its triumphs and 

 failures, are told by Mr. Holvoake, year by 

 year, in a detail in which everything is set 

 down and nothing covered up. In 1897 the 

 cooperative society had productive depart- 

 ments of flour, bakery, bespoke clothing, 

 boot and shoe factory, brush factory, cabinet 

 making, building, millinery, and dressmaking, 

 employing 541 hands and turning over £26,- 

 949 ; 80 large stores for the sale of these 

 and various other kinds of goods in Leeds 

 and vicinity ; drapery branches and boot and 

 shoe stores ; 43 butchering branches ; and 

 37,000 subscribing purchasers. Its capital 

 stood at £447,000; and its sales for the 

 year amounted to £1,042,616. 



D. Appleton and Company have added to 

 their Home Reading Series The Earth and 

 Ski/, a primer of Astronomy for Young Read- 

 ers, by Prof. Edward S. Holden. It is intended 

 to be the first of a series of three or more 

 volumes, all treating of astronomy in one 

 form or another, and suited for reading in 

 the school. The treatment is based on the 

 principle that " it is not so simple as it ap- 

 pears to fix in the child's mind the funda- 

 mental fact that it is Nature which is true, 

 and the book or the engraving which is a 

 true copy of it. ' It says ' is the snare of 



children as well as of their more sophisticated 

 elders. The vital point to be insisted on is 

 a constant reference from words to things." 

 The volume is written as a conversation with 

 a young lad. He is first shown how be may 

 know for himself that the earth is not flat, 

 though it certainly appears to be so. The 

 next step is to show him that he may know 

 that the earth is in fact round, and that it is 

 a globe of immense size. Its situation in 

 space is next considered, and the child's 

 mind is led to some formal conclusions re- 

 specting space itself. It is then directed to 

 the sun, to the moon and its changes, to the 

 stars and their motions, to the revolution of 

 the earth, etc. 



In 1887 E. S. Holden published through 

 the Regents of the University of California 

 a list of recorded earthquakes on the Pacific 

 coast, it being the first systematic publica- 

 tion of the sort. The purpose of it was to 

 bring to light all the general facts about the 

 various shocks, and enable studies to be 

 made of particular earthquake phenomena. 

 It was necessary at the Lick Observatory to 

 keep a register of the times of occurrence of 

 all shocks on account of their possible effects 

 on the instruments. With this was associ- 

 ated in 1888, when the observatory began 

 its active work, the collection of reports of 

 shocks felt elsewhere on the Pacific coast. 

 Mr. Holden now reprints this pamphlet 

 through the Smithsonian Institution in A 

 Catalogue of Earthquakes felt on the Faeific 

 Coast, 1769 to 1897, with many corrections 

 and additions, including a complete account 

 of the earthquake observations at Mount 

 Hamilton from 1887 to 1897, and an abstract 

 of the great amount of information that has 

 been collected regarding other Pacific coast 

 earthquakes during the same interval. 



The Psychologie als Erfahrungs-Wissen- 

 schaft of Hans Cornelius is not intended for 

 a complete account and review of the facts 

 of psychical life, but rather to present the 

 fundamentals of a purely empirical theory, 

 excluding all metaphysical views. Such an 

 account should not start from any arbitrary 

 abstractions or hypotheses, but simply from 

 actually ascertained, directly perceived psy- 

 chical experiences. On the other hand, an 

 empirical definition should be required for 

 all the terms that are used in a comprehen- 



