HAllDWICKE'5 SCIEN CE-G OSSIP. 



157 



has generously lent the credit of its great name to 

 the species above mentioned— the Crangoii vulgaris 

 (fig. 106). Practically it is distinguished from them 

 by its common name of "sand-shrimp," and still 

 more as the " brown." Notice its speckled back 

 and body, and you have before you another of those 

 instances of mimicry which naturalists are seeing 

 throughout the animal kingdom. Nothingcouldmorc 

 resemble the fine sandy bottom on which it squats, 

 and its protection is rendered doubly sure by the 

 jets of sand it casts up, and which settle down over 

 it and hide it. Here you have no rostrum, but a 

 broad, flat head, on which the eyes are placed at 

 wide intervals between. The internal pair of 

 anteunse terminate in two short feathered filaments, 

 and the two movable plates outside them, bristling 

 with sctaj, distinguish the shrimps at once. The 

 female shrimp carries her spawn underneath lier 



Fig. 106. Common Shrimp [Crang-on vulgiiris), 



abdomen the whole year round — an occurren ce 

 which you will never find in connection with the so- 

 called "red-shrimp," for the simple reason that the 

 latter is only in a juvenile stage. The spawn is 

 entangled among the "false feet," or swimmerets. 

 There could not have been a better arrangement, 

 considering its babits of burying itself in the sand, 

 than the manner in which the eyes are arranged for 

 seeing— on the top of the head. The "brown 

 shrimps " are fond of company, and their antics on 

 a sunny day are very joyous and vivacious. They 

 dart about, and even skip out of the water, in their 

 exuberance of spirits. But they are always found 

 in shallow water, and that where there is a fine 

 sandy bottom. Singularly enough, wherever the 

 true shrimp occurs you get few or no " red shrimps " 

 or prawns, one group invariably replacing the 

 other. J. E. Tayloi?. 



SAWS OE SAW-ELIES. 



A LTHOUGfl most of the books on the micro- 

 -^^^ scope contain an accurate description ol the 

 saw of the saw -fly, and the method of its use, yet 

 in none is there any mention of the variation in the 

 I^rm of the saw in the different species of the insect. 

 Some deposit their eggs in the hard bark of certain 

 plants, others make incisions through the softer 



structures of the leaves ; and thus the arrangement 

 of the teeth, and the formation of tlie saws them- 

 selves, vary, all making most beautiful microscopic 

 objects. No doubt if we could know for certain 

 the exact structures these various arrangements 

 are intended to divide, our own mechanicians 

 might obtain many valuable hints from studying 

 the saws of these little insects. I have already 

 collected and mounted, during the present season^ 

 more than a dozen saws, all perfectly different in 



\\xKm' 



Fig. 10". Saws of Sa«'-flies. 

 Xo. I. Saw of Large Green Saw-fly. 2. Black ditto. 3. Small 

 flitto. 4. Brownish ditto. 5. Black Saw-fly, with white 

 banded abdomen. 6. Large Yellow Saw-fly. 7- Yellow 

 ditto, with black thorax. 



formation, a few of which I have delineated. They 

 are drawn from nature, with the neutral tint 

 reflector, the i-ineh objective being used. Eig. 1 is 

 the most remarkable saw I have yet seen ; for, be- 

 sides being beautifully toothed, along its sides are 

 arranged a series of scales placed in rows, the uses 

 of which it is difficult to imagine. Having many 

 times watched the process of depositing the egg, 

 after the requisite incision has been made in a leaf 

 by the insect, I cannot agree with those authors 

 who state that the egg is passed along the saws, 

 which form together a sort of tube for its passage 

 to its destination. The real ovipositor is placed 

 above the saw, and when the egg is being deposited, 



