620 



POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



Spain where botli languages are understood and spoken by the 

 peasants. This zone varies considerably in width. By the city of 

 Plamplona there is a deep recess cut in the Basque. Castilian 



CEPHALIC INDEX- 



5A5QUE Provinces 



f RANGE AND 5 PAIN. 



After DeAranzadi's?, Broca'75, 

 coluqnon '9s. and olowz. '94-. 



OUTER. LIMIT OF BASQUE SPEECH 





^^ 



'; * af^C -.-, '. - .5* '. .. . . VS." 



-. - -. ^^ -\. : } 



being the official language, and Plamplona the capital of the 

 province, the people in its vicinity have been compelled to adopt 

 this language. They have forgotten their native Basque tongue 

 entirely. At Bilbao, also an official city, the Spanish is actively 

 forcing its way in ; although the Basque language has more per- 

 sistently held its own along this side. All along the frontier in 

 Spain the Basque is on the retreat, much of the movement having 

 taken place since the sixteenth century. In France, on the other 

 hand, the Basque tongue holds its own. The line of demarcation 

 between the Basque and the Bearnais-French patois is clean and 

 clear cut. There is no evidence of an invasion of territory by the 



