ESKIMO BOWS AND ARROWS. 647 



barbed head in tbe wound, and the deer would go off, " sleep one 

 night, and then die." 



Geese, gulls, and other large fowls were shot with arrows that 

 had long, five-sided heads of walrus ivory, not very sharp and 

 barbed on one edge, while for hunting small birds they used an 

 arrow with a blunt, club-shaped head made of reindeer antler. 

 Such an arrow kills a small bird or little animal like a lemming 

 or ground squirrel by stunning it, and does not tear a great hole 

 in it. The boys' arrows nowadays are often headed with empty 

 copper cartridge cases, and I have seen one of these shot clean 

 through the body of a small bird. 



The bow was carried, strung ready for use, in a sheath of 

 tanned sealskin slung across the shoulders in such a way that it 

 could easily be drawn out under the right arm. Nowadays they 

 carry their rifles in similar sheaths. 



Attached to the sheath was a quiver, also of sealskin, in which 

 they used to keep an assortment of arrows, some of each kind, 

 according to the hunter's needs. 



All the Eskimos draw the bow like European archers that is, 

 by hooking the fore and middle fingers round the bowstring, with 

 the arrow clasped between the fingers, instead of pinching the 

 butt of the arrow between the finger and thumb, like most 

 Indians. 



As the bow is now practically nothing but a plaything among 

 the Eskimos of the Northwest, it will probably not be many 

 years before it entirely disappears, as it has in Greenland. 



Putting aside "supposed portraits" and such as might be termed 

 " fancy portraits " having no claim to authenticity, Mr. W. Carruthers has 

 satisfied himself of the existence of eight porti'aits of Linnaeus that were 

 evidently painted or drawn from life, and have been copied more or less 

 frequently by different engravers. The earliest was painted by Hoffmann 

 in 1737, while Linnaeus was working for his patron, Cliffort, at Hartecamp, 

 and represents him at the age of thirty in the picturesque di-ess in which 

 he traveled through Lapland. Of the next portrait, an engraving by 

 Ehrensverd in 1740, no original is known to exist. In 1747 two pencil 

 sketches of Linnaeus, forty years of age, one sketch being a full length, 

 were made by Rehm. Five years later a fine pastel was executed by Lund- 

 berg. SchefFel, in 1755, painted him at the age of forty-eight ; and this 

 portrait was painted by Krafft, and was placed originally in the Medical 

 College of Stockholm, of which Linnaeus was one of the founders. It was 

 supposed to be lost, but had been I'emoved to the Royal Academy of Sci- 

 ences at Stockholm, where Mr. Carruthers discovered it. The latest por- 

 trait was tbat by Roslin, painted in 1775, when Linnaeus was in his sixty- 

 eighth year. A fine copy of this by Pasch, presented to Sir Joseph Banks, 

 and given by him to Robert Brown, hangs in the library of the Linnean 

 Society. 



