THE NAUTILUS. 7 



On July 12, 1853, Bourguignat's paper was presented to 

 the Zoological Society and was published on July 25, 1854. 

 The A. cumingianus was fully described in this paper on p. 91 

 and beautifully figured. And the author again states that it 

 is the type of his section Ancylastrum. 



In 1864 Bourguignat (Mai. Algerie, II, pp. 188-9) repeated 

 his diagnosis of Ancylastrum, citing A. simplex Buch. (= 

 fluviatilis} and A. cumingianus as examples. 



In 1881 Fischer in his Manual cited fluviatilis as an example 

 of Ancylastrum. Clessin in his monograph in the Conchylien 

 Cabinet (1882) gave fluviatilis as the type of Ancylastrum, 

 and in this has been followed by Tryon, Germain and prac- 

 tically all of the recent European writers. 



Hedley (Prac. Mai. Soc., I, 1899, p. 118) was the first to 

 call attention to the fact that Bourguignat had designated 

 cumingianus as the type of Ancylastrum. 



ARGUMENT. 



The publication of Bourguignat 's paper in 1853 in two 

 distinct parts with an interval of nearly three months must 

 l)e considered as two separate publications. 



If so, it follows : 



I. That Ancylastrum in the first instance was a genus pub- 

 lished not only without any specified type, but also without 

 any accompanying list of species. It therefore comes within 

 the ruling of Opinion 46 of the International Commission on 

 the "Status of Genera for which No Species was Distinctly 

 Named in the Original Publication," and consequently con- 

 tained all of the species of the world which would come under 

 the generic description as originally published. And the 

 generic type could be designated by the first subsequent 

 author dealing with the subject. 



II. That the subsequent publication of Bourguignat 's cata- 

 logue was not a part of the original publication and that con- 

 sequently the subsequent designation of the type was not 

 restricted to the species listed in that catalogue. 



This does away with the criticism that the designation of 

 cumingianus in the catalogue of 1853 was ineffective because 



