24 Coelenterata. 



ing to day and night, expanding in the evening and during part of the night 

 as if they had acquired fear of drying by strong sunlight. But those found 

 among Ulva in pools, do not present a rhythm corresponding to the tides and, 

 in aquarium, tend to open during the day and close in the evening. In Ac- 

 tiniae which expand in the night, renewal of the water (or its oxygenation) 

 favours contraction, but in those which expand during the day it favours ex- 

 pansion. The rhythm of an animal can be reversed, e.g. heliophile A. e., 

 from pools with Ulva, kept in continuous darkness, will remain retracted during 

 the day and become expanded at night. Reversal of rhythm is usually the 

 result of slow modification of the physiological condition and the bringing about 

 of physiological misery*, e.g. want of light. Examples of Aiptasia erythro- 

 chila, kept in the same water and under the same conditions, may be expanded 

 or retracted according to the height of the column of water above them [see 

 Bericht f. 1908 Coel. p 28]. 



Roule describes, from Booth Wandell Island (65 S, 66 W), anemones from 

 shallow water, which he refers to a new subfamily Glyphactininse of 

 the Antheinse. The characters of this subfamily are large anemones with 

 cylindrical, semi-cartilaginous column, pedal disc large, surface of column tra- 

 versed by longitudinal and transverse grooves; verrucse, cinclides, acontia and 

 brood chambers absent; longitudinal ectodermic musculature feebly developed 

 or absent; tentacles numerous, short, large, in 5 or 6 cycles; mouth and stomo- 

 dseum very large, lips of mouth almost contiguous with the inner cycle of ten- 

 tacles, two large, deep siphonoglyphs the firm lips of which project into the stomo- 

 daeum; sphincter absent or a small endodermic one present; 4 to 6 cycles of 

 mesenteries, the first 3 complete, most of the mesenteries are fertile. The 

 affinities are with the Bolocerinse, especially with the south American genus 

 Boloceropsis. The author divides Antheinse into 3 subfamilies - - Actininse, 

 with stomodseum and siphonoglyph of ordinary size, tentacles smooth and long, 

 mesenteries numerous and small; Bolocerinae, with stomod. and siph. of ordinary 

 size or a little larger, tentacles short, swollen and grooved, mesenteries large; 

 and Glyphactininae. This group contains two new genera, Gh/phoperidium 

 (2 sp.), and Glyphostylum (1), which differ thus sphincter present in former, 

 absent in latter, tentacles grooved in former, smooth or feebly striate in latter, 

 generally fewer macromesenteries in latter. 



Kirk & Stuckey describe Ammonia dichogama (n. sp.) from Campbell Island. 

 Tertiary, and occasionally secondary, mesenteries may be wanting. The me- 

 senteries of a secondary pair are sometimes united near the free edge, or the 

 adjoining mesenteries of two secondary pairs may be united. Mesenterial fila- 

 ments are wanting along the united edges and not infrequently in other cases 

 also. From the wall of the stomodseum there project, towards the body wall, 

 unevenly distributed false mesenteries, each of which bears a mesenterial fila- 

 ment. From the stomodseum there are extensive invaginations, frequently pierc- 

 ing several mesenteries and lined by ectoderm, without nematocysts but abund- 

 antly ciliated. In two specimens there were well developed spermaries and 

 also embryos. The authors also describe Sagartia albo-viridis (n.) from Camp- 

 bell Island. 



Stuckey & Walton describe Paractis 1 n. and Bunodes 2 n. from New Zea- 

 land and record the companiouship between Cradactis magna and Halicarcinus 

 planatus. The crab rested, apparently quite at ease, among the expanded 

 tentacles of the anemone, or clung to the warts on the column. If removed, 

 the crab immediately ran back to the anemone, climbed the column and settled 

 down again among the tentacles or on the disc. The anemone made no attempt to 



