38 Coelenterata. 



(a) include long warty spindles and small double clubs, Nicella, (b) include 

 double clubs and elongated double clubs, Scirpearia. The author gives emended 

 diagnoses of the family and genera and describes 8 n. sp. of Scirp. J. is the 

 most widely distributed genus and is almost entirely a Pacific form; S. (except 

 flagellum) and Nic. are restricted to the Pacific. - See Simpson ( 2 , 3 ). 



Simpson ( 4 ) erects a new genus Hicksonella, for Juncella spiralis and two 

 new species from the Cape and Natal. The spiculation is unlike that of any 

 species of /. and is even further removed from Scirpearia and Nicella. The 

 n. gen. approaches closely to the Gorgonellidae, to which it is provisionally re- 

 ferred. Hickson suggested that the bare tract in spiralis was associated with 

 the presence of some epizoic animal but the author inclines to a morphological 

 explanation. As the polyps arise all on one side the growth is greater in that 

 direction than the other; therefore in maintaining symmetry in the colony and 

 also in endeavouring to expose the polyps equally to the food supply, the exces- 

 sive growth may have found expression in a spiral form. 



Thomson ( 2 ) records Eunephthya glomerata from the Faeroe Channel (355 metres), 

 taken in June, with numerous large free embryos in some of its polyps. He draws 

 attention to the slight divergence from the type in spiculation; this specimen 

 closely resembles racemosa, from Newfoundland, which should be included in glom. 



Thomson & Russell describe, from the Indian Ocean, Chrysogorgia 1, Cerato- 

 isis 1, Caligorgia 1, Stachyodes 3, Plumarella 1 n. var., Acanthogorgia 6 (1 n.), 

 Anthogorgia 1, Calicogorgia 2 n. sp. and 1 var. (the polyps of rigida contained 

 numerous embryos about 1 mm. in diameter), Eohinogorgia 2 (In.; ramosa n. 

 seems to connect the genus with Anth.), Menacella 1 n., Bebryce 2 (1 n.), Acampto- 

 gorgia 5 (1 n. and 1 n. nom.), Ads 8 (3 n.), Muricella 3, Elasmogorgia 1, Plex- 

 auroides 1, Eu/plexaura 2 (1 n. nom.), Gorgonia 1 n., Nicella 1, Juncella 1, 

 Scirpearella 1, Scirpearia 2, Gorgonella 2, Verrucella 1. Several illustrations of 

 convergence are presented by the collection, e.g., Acampt. ceylonensis has a 

 striking resemblance in colour and habit to Mur. purpurea, which is found 

 along with the former. 



Thomson & Mackinnon describe, from the Indian Ocean, Sympodium 2 (1 n.), 

 Clavularia 1 n., Anthelia 3, Tubipora 1, Xenia 1, Cespitularia 3, Alcyonium 4 

 (1 n.), Lobophytum2, Sarcophytum 5, Sclerophytum 4, LithophytumS, Capnella 2 

 (1 n.); Sclerella n. nom. 1, a new Nephthyid genus, in the subfamily Spongo- 

 dinse, with large otolith-like spicules on the walls of the longitudinal canals, 

 is probably an annectent genus between Alcyonids, Nephthyids and Siphono- 

 gorgids; Nephthya 8, Dendronephthya (Spongodes) 10 (1 n.), Stereonephthya 2 n., 

 Siphonogorgia (with which Chironephthya is merged) 10 (3 n. and 2 n. var.), 

 Stereacanthia 3 (1 n.), Cactogorgia 1 n., Solenocaulon 1, Suberogorgia 1, Ke- 

 roeides 1, Melitodes 3 (1 n.), Wrightella (which differs from Mel. in the spicules; 

 there is no longitudinal canal in the axis of W.) 1, Parisis 1, Telesto 1, Pen- 

 natula 1, Heliopora 1. Notes are added on the geographical distribution. 



Kiikenthal & Broch divide the Pennatulids into 5 natural groups - - Penna- 

 tulacea radiata, with polyps radially arranged around the cylindrical rachis: 

 without polyp-calyces, Veretellidse (Lituaria, Cavernulina, Veretillum, Cavernu- 

 laria), with polyp-calyces, Echinoptilidse (Actinoptilum, Echinoptilum). P. fo- 

 liata, with polyps uniformly distributed over the dorsal face of the leaf-like 

 rachis, Renillidse (Renilla). P. bilateralia, with polyps bilaterally arranged 

 on the sides of an elongate rachis, but not in whorls, (1) without polyp-calyces, 

 Kophobelemnonidse (Meso-, Sclero-, Kophobelemnon) , (2) with polyp -calyces, 

 (a) dimorphism of polyps, Anthoptilidse (Anthoptilum), (b) no dimorphism, Fu- 

 niculinidse (FunicuUna)^ Protoptilidse (Protoptilum, Distichoptilum], Stachyptilidse 



