68 GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE PROTOZOA 



brates and usually of Crustacea and other arthropods, where they are typically 



cytozoic. 



Family 5. Glugeidce, Thelohan, 1892. With the characters of the order. 

 Group A. Polysporogenea, Doflein, 1898. The trophozoite produces many 



pansporoblasts, each of which gives rise to many spores. 

 Genus 13. Ghigea (Nosema), Thelohan, 1891. With the characters of the group. 



Many species which are not satisfactorily worked out. The most famous 



species is G. bombycis, which caused the destructive epidemic among silk- 

 worms from 1850 to 1865. 

 Group B. Oligoftporogenea, Doflein, 1898. The trophozoite produces but one 



single pansporoblast. 

 Genus 14. Gurlcija, Doflein, 1898. The pansporoblast produces four spores. 



One species, G. tetraspora, Dofl., from Daphnia maxima. 

 Genus 15. Thelohania, Henneguy, 1892. The pansporoblast produces eight 



spores contained in small spherical or fusiform vesicles. Five species 



recorded, all from the muscles of Crustacea. 

 Genus 16. Pleistopliora, Gurley, 1893. The pansporoblasts produce more than 



eight spores. Many species, some of fish, but mostly of invertebrates. 



Order 3. Actinomyxidia, Stole, 1890. Sporozoa consisting of a double cellular 

 envelope, three polar capsules, and eight spores arranged in ternary sym- 

 metry. 



Genus 1 . Hexactinomyxon, Stole, 1899. Spores in anchor form, with six branches. 

 H. psammoryctis, Stole, 1899, in the intestinal epithelium of Psammoryctes 

 barbatus. 



Genus 2. Triactinomyxon, Stole, 1899. Spore in anchor form, with three branches. 

 T. ignotum, Stole, 1899, in the intestinal epithelium of Tubifix t/ibifc.r, 

 Miiller. 



Genus 3. Synactinamyxon, Stole, 1899. Spores associated in a common envelope. 

 S. tubijicix, Stole, 1899, in the intestinal epithelium of Tub/fc.r rivulorum, 

 Lam. 



Genus 4. Spheractinomy.rou, Caull. and Mesnil, 1904. Spores spherical and 

 without wing-like prolongations. S. stolci, C. and M., 1904, in the body cavity 

 of marine oligochetes (CHicHis arenarius, O. F. M.), etc. 



Order 4. Haplosporidia Caull. and Mesnil, 1899. A group of little-known para- 

 sites with obscure affinities and undetermined life histories. Caullery and 

 Mesnil, 1905, group them in three somewhat ill-defined subdivisions, as 

 follows: 



Family 1. Hapfasporidiida', C. and M., 1905. Parasites of ameboid form, which 

 reproduce by encapsuled merozoites, Avhich may or may not be ornamented 

 by spines or processes. Genera Haplosporidium and Urosporidium, with 

 six species enumerated by C. and M., all parasites of annelids. 



Family 2. Bcrtramhdce, C. and M., 1905. With two genera, Bertramia and 

 Ichtkyosporidium, and with four species parasitic in annelids, rotifers, and fish. 



Family 3. Celosporidiidce, C. and M., 1905. With three genera, C'elosporidium, 

 Mesnil and Marchoux, 1898; Polycaryum, Stempell, 1901; and (?) Blastuli- 

 dium, Ch. Perez, 1903, mainly parasites of copepods. Doubtful forms, includ- 

 ing the genera Scheuriakowella, C. and M., 1905, parasite of Cyclops, etc.; 

 Chyiridiopsis, A. Schneider, 1884, parasite of Tenebrio mollitor and of Blaps; 

 Celosporidium, Crawley, of Blattella cjermanica; Lymphosporidium, Calkins, 

 1898; and Rhinosporidium, Minchin and Fantham, the cause of nasal tumors 

 in man. 



Order 5. Sarcosporidia. Sporozoa in which the initial stage is passed in muscle 

 cells of vertebrates. Great sac-like spore cases are formed (Miescher's 

 tubules) with double membranes. Genus, Sarcocystis, Lankester, 1882 (Fig. 

 79, p. 186). 



