80 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



substituting other mechanical devices, which make a better thread and 

 also build a better cop. 



CROSSLEY'S PATENT CARPETS. 



THE following is a description of a new style of Carpets invented 

 by Mr. Thomas Crossley, of Roxbury, Mass., and recently patented. 



First. The Patent Ingrain Carpeting is woven plain, without colors 

 or figure, in two or more substantial plys or layers of cloth, and 

 ingrained or connected together at various points, which is done by 

 causing the warp of one ply or layer at such points to be woven in and 

 become a part of the other ply or layer. 



By thus ingraining together the several plys of cloth, great strength 

 and firmness is given to the fabric. And generally the nearer such 

 points of ingrained cloth come together, the better may the carpet be 

 expected to wear. In the patent ingrain carpeting this ingraining 

 occurs at short intervals. In ordinary ingrain carpeting, the ingrain- 

 ing or connecting together of the several plys is regulated wholly by 

 the kind or size of the figure woven ; as, for instance, in large figures 

 where the several objects combined to make up the pattern are bold 

 and striking, there will be found great quantities of plain or open 

 cloth in sections of considerable size when the several plys of cloth are 

 not at all connected together. This absence of ingraining is wholly 

 unavoidable, as when the pattern is woven the contrast between the 

 figure and the ground cannot be preserved but by keeping the colors 

 of the several plys, and therefore the plys themselves, entirely separate. 

 Hence people generally prefer small figures to large ones, owing to the 

 greater amount of ingraining, and consequently of service contained 

 in the former over the latter. 



Secondly. The cloth after being sheared and dressed, receives the 

 pattern and colors from blocks or rollers, upon one or both sides. 

 When both sides are figured, the back or under surface is stamped first 

 with one style of pattern and colors, and the face or upper surface with 

 an entirely different style of pattern and colors, giving a variety of 

 style never before obtained in any other kinds of carpeting. 



Another neAv and important feature in the Patent Ingrain Carpeting 

 is discovered in the fact that the colors stamped upon one surface do 

 not appear through on the other side. This is prevented by the pecu- 

 liar construction of the cloth. No other fabric of woolen, or where 

 wool is a component part, has ever been printed upon one side, with- 

 out more or less showing through upon the other surface. 



Felt Carpets. - - This novel style of Carpets manufactured at the 

 Bay State Mills, Lawrence, are printed in block work, and designed 

 according to weight either as a floor cloth or drugget. The threads of wool 

 are not spun or woven, but drawn out and laid together, the whole 

 mass being felted like a hat body. Fabrics of this character are also 

 put together, showing a different color on either side, and designed for 

 coats to be made up without lining. The Bay State Mills make this 

 cloth with a white ground, about 40 inches wide, weighing from 4 to 



