146 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



Photographic Effect of Snow and Ice. Mr. Notman says : *' To 

 produce the effect of fallen snow, I have tried many wa}'S, such 

 as carded wool, white furs, that from the arctic fox, for instance, 

 but latterly salt, which I find by far the best, as you can throw- 

 it on and about stones, rocks, etc. ; and it so easily takes any de- 

 sired form, such as a drift. When thrown upon the figure, it 

 adheres to the cloth ; in fact, as a representative of snow, it leaves 

 nothing to be desired. 



" To represent falling snow : after the negative is dried and 

 varnished, I take some Chinese white and mix it with water to the 

 consistency that experience alone can dictate as best suited ; put 

 it into a phial, introduce one of those perfume-blowers, and blow 

 into the air a shower of the "liquid Chinese white, and, as it falls, 

 catch as much of it as is desirable on the varnished side of the 

 negative : by judiciously holding the negative, you can so direct 

 it as to give the effect of a slant to the falling snow. 



** To represent ice, I use sheet zinc, over which I have polished 

 plate glass. At first I was in hope that zinc of itself would be 

 sufficient, but a short trial convinced me that the zinc required 

 protection from the action of the salt, which I use to represent the 

 snow on the banks at the side. 1 ' Photographic News. 



Ornamenting Glass, Porcelain, etc. A method of ornamenting 

 glass, porcelain ware, etc., with photographic pictures, has been 

 invented by W. Grime, of Berlin, which also contains a new 

 method of preparing negatives so that positive films may be read- 

 ily printed and removed from the negative. The negative, after 

 being fixed and toned with chloride of platinum, is dried and var- 

 nished with a glassy flux which is annealed upon the negative by 

 heat in a common muffle. The photographic film being now pro- 

 tected, the negative may be dipped in water, acids, and other 

 solutions with impunity. To produce positive prints, one side of 

 the negative plate is covered with collodion, sensitized, exposed 

 to light, fixed and toned in the usual manner. The positive film 

 may be then detached by loosening one corner with a soft brush 

 and floating it off in a vessel containing water and a little glycerine. 

 Any number of films may be thus printed and floated. The film 

 may now be floated upon the surface of the glass or porcelain 

 which is introduced into the water-vessel, a soft brush beingused 



' ^j 



to spread the film nicely. The film is now covered with the glass 

 flux, and then annealed in a muffle as before described. 



By toning the film prior to annealing with different metallic 

 salts, a variety of colors may be produced on the picture. For 

 example, if gold color is wanted, the films are treated with chlo- 

 ride of gold ; steel color, chloride of platinum ; black, chloride of 

 indium ; brown, chloride of palladium. If the different salts are 

 applied to different parts of the film, the various colors will be 

 seen combined in the picture after it is annealed, and beautiful 

 effects may be produced. The pictures may be polished and 

 burnished subsequent to the annealing process in the usual man- 

 ner. 



Submarine Photography. M. Bazin has obtained clear subma- 

 rine photograuis at a depth of oOJ feet, in his diving studio, by 



