268 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



1867, maintains the existence of two distinct races of men in this 

 island, one inhabiting the coast, fhe other the interior. " The for- 

 mer," he says, " have woolly hair, brown or black skins, strong 

 white teeth, and, in fact, all the characteristics of a superior ord^r 

 of negroes. Within the last few years this race has been conquered 

 by the people inhabiting the interior of the island, who are called 

 Novas, and are generally slender, often small, with, in many 

 cases, long, straggling, unsound, and ugly teeth, straight, coarse 

 hair, and light brown skins, with faces resembling those of the 

 Chinese or of other Mongolian races." 



THE POLYNESIANS AND THEIR MIGRATIONS. 



M. Quatrefages has attempted to show that the Polynesians are 

 Malays, who migrated at a comparatively recent period from some 

 island of the Malayan archipelago (probably the Moluccas), and 

 who have more or less intermingled with the races of Melanesia 

 and Micronesia. Mr. A. R. Wallace, in the " Quarterly Journal 

 of Science," April, 1867, controverts this opinion, showing that 

 the direct evidence of migration having been generally from the 

 west is not so clear as M. Quatrefages appears to believe ; and 

 that the undoubted Malay element in the Potynesian language has 

 all the character of a recent introduction, since the words are 

 hardly changed except by the phonetic character of the Polynesian 

 language. The physical and mental characters of the Polynesians 

 are very different from those of the Mala} T s, in stature, hair, and 

 beard, features, disposition, and manner of building houses and 

 canoes, indicating a radical diversity of race, not to be over- 

 come by any mere similarity of color or some common words in 

 language. The existence of numerous groups of coral islands, 

 indicating sunken land, and the distribution of animals in the ex- 

 isting islands, prove a former much greater extent of land in the 

 Polynesian area than now exists, and entitle us to believe that the 

 subsidence of the land took place since man inhabited the earth, 

 probably coincident with, perhaps caused by, the elevation of the 

 existing volcanic islands. Many of the races of the eastern Malay- 

 an archipelago (Timorese and mountaineers of Ceramand Gilolo) 

 are perhaps allied to the Polynesians, but they are certainly not 

 Malays, who are essentially a Mongol race. The Papuans of 

 New Guinea form the extreme type of another and a widely dif- 

 ferent race, and all the evidence goes to show that in every char- 

 acteristic except color the Polynesians are nearer to the Papuans 

 than they are to the Malays, although it is not improbable that 

 they are equally distinct from both. 







DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MAN AND THE APE. 



On the occasion of a paper on this subject by M. Schaafhausen, 

 of Bonn, read before the Paris Anthropological Society, M. Gra- 

 tiolet thus expressed the result of his researches. He thought 

 that there existed no reason for establishing an anatomical simili- 

 tude between man and the gorilhi. "As regards the brain, the 



