THE NAUTILUS. 31 



as he did, that all phenomena of living organisms could be explained 

 by the laws of mechanics. He was one of the foremost of mechanical 

 evolutionists. 



His chief writings and papers embrace " The Inheritance of Mod- 

 ifications Due to Disturbances of the Early Stages of Development, 

 Especially to the Japanese Domesticated Races of Golden Carp ; " 

 " Dynamics in Evolution ; " " The Mechanical Genesis of the Form 

 of the Fowl's Egg ; " "A Physiological Hypothesis of Heredity and 

 Variation ; " " The Origin of Sex Through Cumulative Integration, 

 and the Relation of Sexuality to the Genesis of Species ; " " On the 

 Mechanical Genesis of the Scales of Fishes ; " " The Sturgeons and 



O 



Sturgeon Industries of the Eastern Coast of the United States, etc.;" 

 " The Development of the Common Sturgeon ; " " Evolution of the 

 Specialized Vertebral Axes of the Higher Types; " "A Physiologi- 

 cal Theory of the Calcification of the Skeleton," and " The Origin 

 and Meaning of Sex." 



Dr. McFarlane, speaking of Dr. Ryder, said : " He was, undoubt- 

 edly, one of the three greatest embryologists. His true worth was 

 not known by the public, but the scientists with whom he was asso- 

 ciated readily appreciated his great genius. His relations with his 

 friends, colleagues and students were marked by a simplicity, earn- 

 estness and straightforwardness of purpose that endeared him to all. 

 He enjoyed a profound reputation in Europe, and the news of his 

 death will call forth the deepest sympathy from friends of science 

 everywhere." 



DR. W. S. W. RUSCHENBERGER. 



Dr. William S. W. Ruschenberger, the eminent naval surgeon 

 and scientist, died March 29, at his home, 1932 Chestnut Street, 

 Philadelphia, in his 88th year. 



Dr. Ruschenberger was one of the most widely known members 

 of his profession in this country. He was born in Cumberland 

 County, New Jersey, September 4, 1807. After receiving an 

 academic education in Philadelphia and New York schools, he en- 

 tered the medical service of the United States Navy as a surgeon's 

 mate, August 10, 1826. 



He was commissioned a surgeon in the navy April 4, 1831, and 

 from 1835 to 1837 was Fleet Surgeon to the East India Squadron, 

 with which he circumnavigated the globe. In 1840-42, Dr. Rusch- 



