GEOLOGY. 285 



which has been christened " Isola Giulia," was only nine feet under 

 water. It is presumed from this that it is gradually rising. 



MTD YOLCANO NEAR THE SALT LAKE, UTAH. 



A CORRESPONDENT of the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser gives the 

 following description of a mud volcano in the vicinity of the Great 

 Salt Lake : 



This volcano is in a plain of mud, and on the borders of the lake. 

 It is composed of mud, and covers several acres. Steam and water are 

 escaping from some half dozen apertures. The mud is raised up into 

 cones, the highest not five feet from the general surface. They are 

 terminated by tubes, some hardened and lined with crystals of sulphur 

 and other substances. One of the cones throws steam and water 10 

 or 15 feet into the air. It escapes rapidly, and with a sound resem- 

 bling the escape of steam from the pipe of a small steam-engine ; 

 and it ejects hot and cold water at short intervals. One caldron, 

 some four feet across, boils up until it overflows, then sinks several 

 feet, and again overflows. Nothing is seen but a mass of foam ; the 

 water is strongly impregnated with sal-ammoniac. There are other 

 caldrons, from 10 to 20 feet in diameter, filled to within three or four 

 feet with boiling mud, which is occasionally thrown out in every 

 direction. About a mile further off is another collection of mud cones, 

 and on the opposite side an island of volcanic rocks rises to the height 

 of 50 feet ; at the foot of it is salt in sheets, strongly impregnated with 

 sal-ammoniac ; that from the lake is pure, and is used by the Califor- 

 nians. In the vicinity of the volcano we saw several ledges covered 

 with pumice, and we met with it in various other places on the plains. 



EARTHQUAKES REPORTED IN 1851. 



EARTHQUAKES, in countries seldom visited by them, are generally 

 regarded as somewhat rare and isolated phenomena. The following 

 table of the earthquakes reported during 1851, will show that these 

 phenomena, at least during the past year, have been somewhat 

 frequent, and in several cases attended with most frightful con- 

 sequences. The record given does not probably embrace one half the 

 cases actually occurring ; many shocks, of greater or less intensity, in 

 remote countries, not being reported. The earthquakes here given are 

 arranged chronologically. 



December 10th, 1850, at sea, 850 miles from the coast of Chili, S. 

 A., lat. 38 S., long. 96 W.; the shocks were so sensibly felt on ship- 

 board as to cause apprehensions of having grounded. 



January 9th, 1851 ; several shocks at Malta and the neighboring 

 islands. 



January 26th, at Guerrera, Mexico. This earthquake was accom- 

 panied ^by a meteor of great size, which fell upon a neighboring 

 mountain. 



January 17th and 21st, and February 4th, 6th, and 14th, in the 



