MECHANICS AND USEFUL ARTS, 101 



No. 1. Compound for the finer carriage-work, &c. Resin, two and a 

 half -per cent, of the quantity of oil. Lard, 50 to 75 per cent, of the 

 quantity of oil, according to the degree of solidity required. 



No. 2. Compound for copper, steel, fire-arms, the more delicate kinds 

 of machinery, &c. Resin, none ; but, instead of it, two per cent, of 

 common yellow wax. Lard, 25 to 50 per cent, of the oil employed. 



No. 3. Compoxind for lubricating oil for machinery. Resin, two and a 

 half per cent, of the oil employed. Lard, five per cent. 



No. 4. Compound for the woollen manufacture, &c. Resin, none. 

 ' Lard, three per cent, of the oil employed ; but, for this purpose, it is 

 indispensable that the lard should be qxiite fresh. 



No. 5. Compound for paint, oil, &c. Resin, one per cent, of the oil 

 employed. Lard, two per cent. 



As before observed, these proportions may be greatly varied. The more 

 lard used, the harder will be the compound. The weather also aifects the 

 proportions to be used, and more lard must be employed in summer than 

 in winter, to produce a like effect. The lard may be composed of half 

 hog's lard and half mutton or other suet or fatty matter. The lard should 

 be freed from all skin, &c., and cut into small pieces ; and it is better also 

 to remove from it any portions of fleshy matter that may be mixed with 

 it ; and if the fatty bodies employed, whether lard, mutton suet, beef suet, 

 or other fatty matter, are used in the raw state, they should be first partly 

 melted, before being added to the mixture in the heating vessel, by any of 

 the means ordinarily adopted for such purpose. The products, obtained 

 as before mentioned, can be employed with advantage to replace all the 

 oils employed as lubricators, such as animal oils, lard oil, olive oil, &c. 

 They possess, moreover, the merit of being perfectly unctuous, and of 

 containing no kind of acid ; they do not act prejudicially on metals, nor 

 form any residuum through friction ; they neither turn rancid from age, 

 nor do they harden from contact with the air ; and, lastly, their compo- 

 nent parts do not separate from each other, but continue always in 

 intimate commixture. Newton's London Journal. 



IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES. 



F. Capiccioni, of London, patentee. When the tallow for making the 

 candles is melted in the kettle, about one seven- thousandth of its quantity 

 by weight, of the acetate of lead, is added, and well stirred among the 

 whole for fifteen minutes. The heat is then lowered, but the tallow is 

 still retained in a liquid state. About one thousandth part by weight, of 

 turpentine, and a little of any of the perfumed resins, are then thrown in 

 and all well stirred until the whole are thoroughly incorporated together ; 

 this takes about two hours, one hour for stirring, and one hour of rest for 

 the uncombined impurities to settle to the bottom. The acetate of lead, it 

 is said, makes the tallow hard, and much superior to tallow not so treated > 

 and upon the whole, the composition makes very superior candles. 



