380 ANNUAL OP SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



gold of the crowns, are in a fair state of preservation. M. Fresnel thinks 

 that the dead in the sarcophagi were some of the soldiers of Alexander or 

 Seleucus. The crowns are simple bands, with three leaves in the shape of 

 laurel on one side, and three on the other. The leaves are very neatlv 

 executed. Beneath the bands are leaves of gold, which it is supposed 

 covered the eyes. From the quantity of iron found in some of the cof- 

 fins, it appears that the bodies were entirely enveloped in it ; and in ons 

 there is no iron, but some earrings a proof that it was occupied by a fe- 

 male. The sarcophagi are about two and three-quarter yards in length by 

 between half and three-quarters of a yard wide, and are entirely formed 

 of bricks united by mortar. In addition to all this, a tomb, containing 

 statuettes, in marble or alabaster, of Juno, Venus, and of a reclining figure 

 wearing a Phrygian cap, together with some rings, earrings, and other 

 articles of jewelry, has been found, as have also numerous statuettes, vases, 

 vials, articles of pottery, black stones, &c., of Greek, Persian, or Chal- 

 dean workmanship. 



LIVINGSTON'S RESEARCHES IN SOUTH AFRICA. 



Dr. Livingston, the well-known English missionary, has recently ac- 

 complished one of the most remarkable journeys ever undertaken ; viz., 

 that from the Cape of Good Hope, through Central Africa, to the Portu- 

 guese settlement of Loanda, on the West Coast. His plan of proceeding 

 differed materially from any of his predecessors ; instead of setting out 

 with half a hundred attendants, horses, bullock wagons, &c., he com- 

 menced his journey, carrying with him only a sextant, gun, chronometer, 

 tent, four servants, and as many days' provisions, relying on Providence 

 and his gun for a supply when these were gone. After leaving the Cape 

 Colony, he was obliged to travel a long way to the N. E., to avoid the 

 deserts and hostile tribes in their vicinity that lay on his left ; crossing in 

 this route a great many branches of the River Zambegi and others, the 

 names of which I have forgotten, till he arrived at a large town ; there, as 

 the chief was very hospitable, he remained a short time to recruit his health, 

 having been nearly drowned and starved half a dozen times during the 

 nine months it took him to perform this part of his journey, and his arm 

 badly broken in two places by a lion. It appeared he had wandered one 

 evening from his attendants, after they had pitched their tent, in quest of 

 game, when he came suddenly on a large lion crouching down ready for 

 a spring at him ; without waiting a second, he fired, and must have been 

 knocked down at the same moment and stunned, as he remembers nothing 

 from the time he fired till he was found by his servants next morning : 

 when they came up they found the doctor insensible, and the lion lying 

 dead alongside him. When he left, the chief, who was very desirous of 

 finding a route to the westward for the transmission of his ivory, gave 

 him twenty-four of his people to assist him on his journey. After leaving, 



