MECHANICS AND USEFUL AETS. 51 



or no fear of time operating any change in them. Some beautiful 

 specimens of bookbinding of this kind have been exhibited by Mr. 

 Tuckett at the Society of Arts. The morocco bindings are far supe- 

 rior to those in calf, the changes of color in the former being of a more 

 decided hue than in the calf, affording another evidence, if such were 

 needed, of the superiority of morocco to calf under all circumstances of 

 bookbinding. Connoisseurs are, of course, aware of many curious and 

 valuable examples of bookbinding in various colors, dating back as far 

 as the sixteenth century, which were produced either by painting the 

 added colors with oil, or by inlaying portions of leather of the various 

 required hues. But both of these methods are objectionable ; the one 

 from the danger and almost certainty of the added colors chipping off 

 in process of use, and the other from the various inlaid pieces becom- 

 ing loose at the points of juncture. Another, and far cheaper, pro- 

 cess has more recently come into vogue, namely, that of laying strips 

 of colored paper on the surface of the leather, with a view to obtain 

 the desired ornamentation. But this, for obvious reasons, especially 

 the absence of durability, is more objectionable than either of the two 

 former, while Mr. Tuckett's has clearly the advantage over all three. 

 We understand that the new process can be also effectively used in 

 the manufacture of picture-frames, ornamental chairs, tables, and 

 other articles of upholstery, in which durability, combined with beauty 

 of design and colors, is the object sought to be obtained. London 

 Athenceum. 



NOMENCLATURE OF FEINTED STUFFS. 



M. Chevreul has read to the French Academy of Sciences a me- 

 moir on the distinctions which would give the most perfect security 

 to commerce as to the stability of the colors on stuffs, without interfer- 

 ing with the freedom of business. In place of the vague and useless 

 distinctions now adopted, he proposes the following : very stable, stable, 

 moderately stable, changeable ; expressed in numbers, or in the degrees 

 of the chromatic scale which the prints lose after one, six, or twelve 

 months' exposure to the light and air. There is but one very stable 

 color, that is, indigo, applied by M. Chevreul's process, by passing 

 through steam. Indigo applied by the old process is merely stable ; 

 cochineal and madder, with certain mordants, are stable ; with other 

 mordants they are only moderately stable, as is weld (reseda luteoki}. 

 Brazil and Campeachy woods are moderately stable. Annotta (biza 

 orellana}, turmeric, and safflower are changeable. 



M. Chevreul regrets that certain new colors, such as muroxide, 

 orceine,fuclisine, azaleine, which are very beautiful and agreeable to 

 the eye at first, but very changeable, should have been over-praised 

 of late, at the expense of the old and stable colors, indigo, cochineal, 

 weld, which will remain alone, or nearly alone, in the manufactories, 

 when their rivals have disappeared. 



MANUFACTUEE OF PAPIER MACHE. 



The following description of the processes followed on a large 

 scale for the manufacture of papier mache, is taken from the columns 

 of the London Ironworker. 



