294 AXNUAL OP SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



Almost all the common species of Cheiroptera have been found in 

 the Quaternary deposits. It is probable that the rare species are 

 wanting because we have not known how to distinguish their bones, 

 or because they have not yet been found. 



The same results are furnished by the Insectivora. 



In these same Quaternary deposits are cited the hedgehog, the 

 mole, and three or four species of the shrew-mouse. 



The group Rodentia is of different determination, and we may nat- 

 urally expect to find some vacancies, but there are none, however, of 

 any importance. We may cite the squirrel, the marmot, the dor- 

 mouse, the mouse, the hamster (Crisetus), the water-rat, the ordinary 

 meadow-mouse, the beaver, the hare, and the rabbit. The only 

 striking vacancy will be that of the porcupine ; but Mr. Areas has 

 fortunately found this also in the caverns of Sicily. There are want- 

 ing to our list only some small species of the mouse, the garden dor- 

 mouse, the muscardin, etc., in regard to which we may make the same 

 reflection as was suggested by the Cheiroptera. The jerboa, lagornys, 

 etc., are found as fossils in Russia. 



The Carnivora, being in general larger than those animals which 

 represent the preceding groups, and being at the same time more 

 easily recognized, scarcely present any vacuity. 



There have been found the lion, cat, wolf, domestic dog, fox, genet, 

 white bear, brown bear, badger, glutton, martin, beech martin, pole- 

 cat, ermine, weasel, and the otter. There is lacking to this list only 

 the lynx, and it is important to know whether the Felis engiholensis 

 of Schmerling, from the caverns of Belgium, is not identical with it. 



The only Pachyderms of the present fauna yet found in our Qua- 

 ternary deposits are three, the wild boar, the horse, and the ass. 



Among Ruminants have been enumerated all our present deer, 

 the deer properly so called, the reindeer, the moose deer, and the 

 roe-buck. The fallow deer is not comprised in this list, but, as is 

 well known, it is not native in Central Europe. There are enume- 

 rated also the wild oxen (the urus and the bison), the chamois and 

 the goat. The sheep had not been discovered until the last few 

 years, which had probably been more recently imported ; however, 

 Mr. Areas has found in the caverns of Sicily a closely-related species, 

 the mufflon. Finally, to this series of animals modern discoveries 

 authorize us to add man. All this, as I have said elsewhere, ap- 

 pears to demonstrate that man has coexisted with this Diluvian fauna, 

 and that his history dates probably from the same epoch. 



The facts here mentioned are remarkably conclusive, for they prove 

 that all the present fauna of European mamniifers have been found 

 as fossils in the Quaternary deposits, except some small species diffi- 

 cult to be determined, the bones of which, if preserved, have not yet 

 been recovered. It appears to me evident that these rare exceptions 

 are without value as objections, and that we may boldly declare 

 that, from the commencement of the Diluvian period to the present 

 day, no species of mammifers has been added to the fauna which then 

 lived in Europe. 



What we have said of mammifers may also be affirmed of birds and 

 reptiles ; but upon this part of the subject I shall not enter into de- 

 tails, for these classes are less known, and do not furnish results so 



