288 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



" Within the cavern, toward the entrance of the great hall, there 

 are great numbers of large blocks of limestone lying together upon a 

 bed of rounded stones. Among these blocks, and especially at their 

 base, are heaps of cinders and charcoal, some fragments of which 

 occur at different places in the general deposit of the cavern. Bones, 

 jaws, and teeth of different Mammals were obtained, especially from 

 the lower part of the deposit. The surface layers of the deposit, 

 afforded us only rare fragments, and these, before commencing our 

 second day's examination, we carefully laid aside for separate study. 

 Quantities of cut flints, bones, and horns of various stags, worked 

 and shaped into the form of instruments and weapons, and some 

 carved bones, lay in confusion along with the ashes and coal. 



" We will first describe the relics in the upper layer, examined by 

 us, and then those of the lower strata.' 1 



Upper Layer. Remains of the fox, horse, wild boar, stag, chamois, 

 wild goat (Bouquetin), reindeer, aurochs, ox, mole, field mouse, 

 and birds ; also of a goat larger than the chamois, and a sheep of the 

 size of a goat. 



The bones of all these animals are broken like those of the Kjoek- 

 kenmodding of Denmark and of the lake habitations of Switzerland. 



" Among these paleontc logical fragments, some, on careful exam- 

 ination, led us to infer that the domestication of certain animals had 

 been in practice during the period under consideration. Among the 

 broken bones of the surface, some had evidently been attacked by 

 Rodents. Near by were others bearing marks of the teeth of a 

 Caraivore(a dog, beyond doubt). Among the debris we collected, 

 twenty centimeters below the surface, a small fragment of a rib of a 

 Ruminant, bearing a sculptured design of fine finish, and differing in 

 this respect from objects of the same kind found at Bruniquel. 1 ' 



Lower Layers. The list of animals found in the lower beds of this 

 cavern differ a little from the preceding. We notice the horse, the 

 common stag, the reindeer, the aurochs, an ox somewhat smaller than 

 the aurochs, a large sheep, two Rodents, and some bones of birds. 

 The teeth of the horse are more abundant than those of the ox or 

 the reindeer; but the bones of the reindeer arc more numerous than 

 those of the other Ruminants. All these bones were broken. In 

 character and appearance the bones of the upper or surface layer 

 differ materially from those of the lower stratum. The former are 



tt 



grayish white, while the latter are colored red. The former do not 

 adhere to the tongue, and evidently contain gelatin, while the latter 

 adhere to the tongue and contain no gelatin. In order to be sure 

 as to the gelatin, we burned two fragments of bone on live charcoal ; 

 that taken from the surface afforded almost immediately an insup- 

 portable er.ipyreumatic odor, and the other, taken from below, no 

 odor at all. 



Throughout the extent of the bed examined by us, even to the 

 rolled pebbles at the surface, there are found, along with the bones, 

 wrought flints, and also instruments and tools made of the horns of 

 the reindei : and common stag, and of bone. More than 400 Hints, 

 most of them wrought, and coarsely so, were turned out. These may 

 be classified as follows: (1) Knives; ('_') scrapers; (,'>) arrow-heads 

 roughly hewu, and sometimes having the lower extremity long for 



