GEOGRAPHY AM> ANTIQUITIES. 343 



those of the Greeks, and they were all by sea, requiring a provision of 

 sea-stock, ships, and some nautical experience. There is no example 

 of a people, considerable in number and tolerably civilized, wholly and 

 voluntarily abandoning the country of their fathers, or even of a whole 

 people being driven to do so by a conqueror. The early migrations of the 

 Malays bear a tolerably close resemblance to those of the Greeks ; but 

 when these migrations were undertaken, the Malays had acquired a 

 certain measure of civilization. They were a people quite equal to the 

 enterprise of emigrating and establishing colonies. Notwithstanding these 

 and similar facts, some very learned writers have indulged their imagina- 

 tions with the supposed migrations of such savages, fancying that the 

 whole earth was peopled from a single starting-point, and by one race of 

 men. From the learned Dr. Prichurd we hive an example of these im- 

 aginary migrations, in the supposed peopling of the New World from 

 the Old, the latter being fancied to have contained that spot from which 

 the entire earth was peopled. It is now admitted that the people who 

 achieved this marvellous migration were in the rudest savage state, and 

 that all their arts and acquirements, down to their very languages, were 

 attained after their arrival in America. It is unnecessary to show that the 

 shortest of the sea-voyages by which these primitive tribes, could have 

 passed from Asii to Europe would be impossible to be performed by 

 them. The piper concluded by a protest against the modern theory of the 

 Indo-Germanic or Aryan migration, which the author said was founded 

 entirely on philology run mad, and not on ethnology at all. 



Prof. Rawlinson, of Oxford, combated, in a long discourse, the views of 

 Mr. Crawford, especially with regard to the Aryan theory, which, he ob- 

 served, was not a German theory, as the author of the paper asserted, but 

 was originally propounded by our own countryman, Sir. William Jones. 

 The speaker explained th.it the primitive migrations of man need not be 

 supposed to have been undertaken by large bodies, but to have been 

 gradual and slow. For instance, with regard to the peopling of India by 

 successive nations of barbarians from the northwest ; this may have com- 

 menced originally by a few wanderers who finding the climate agreeable 

 and the lands unoccupied, would remain, but, having partial communica- 

 tion with their compatriots left behind, would induce these, one family 

 after another, to follow their example. The principles of the Aryan 

 theory rested more upon an identity of grammatical structure than on that 

 of the vocabularies of languages. He was inclined to believe in a single 

 center of creation for man. The great difficulty was in the received chro- 

 nology not being sufficient to allow for the great modifications of race 

 that had since ensued. But we need not be bound by the chronology of 

 Genesis, seeing th.it the three versions of Scriptures all differed in this 

 respect. He held himself at liberty to say that the true chronology had 

 not been revealed to us. The revelation was not meant to give us a 

 physical history of the world, and it did not detract from the general cred- 

 ibility of the Bible that it should be allowed to have become corrupted 

 on these points. 



ON THE FIXITY OF* THE TYPES OF MAN. 



At the last meeting of the British Association, Rev. T. Farrar, in 

 a paper on the above subject maintained that, as far as we can go 

 back, the races of man under all zones, appear to have maintained an 



