THE NAUTILUS. 119 



ing to Baker). White's species may hereafter be known as 

 Tortacetta wyomingensis. To disturb a name so well known is 

 regrettable. 



Paludina subylobosa Emmons, 1858, from the Tertiary of 

 North Carolina, is preoccupied by P. sabglobosa Say, 1825. 

 The type of Emmons' species is lost and the figure too poor for 

 definite generic reference. Indeed, it may even be marine. 

 However, it may sometime be recovered, and as there is no way 

 of eliminating it from the published literature and it must be 

 included in any complete list of described species, it should 

 perhaps have a name. It may be known as Vivipara f emmonsi. 

 Conrad identified it with V. glabra, which is very doubtful. 



Ball, (Contrib. Tert. Fauna Fla., 1892, p. 277) says Compso- 

 pleura trinodosa Conrad $ca/ar/ia trigemmata Conrad, " which is 

 a Goniobasis." Harris (Bull. Amer. Paleont. , III, No. 11, p. 

 71) places trigemmata in Melania, says probably related to 

 " Terebra'' plicifera (the quotation marks are Harris's), and 

 omits trinodosa from the synonymy. I have not at hand the 

 means for determining whether trigemmata is a Melania or a 

 Goniobasi^, if, indeed, it can be determined. If Dall is correct 

 in referring it to Goniobasis, and if Harris is correct in suppos- 

 ing that it is related to T. plicifera Heilp., a Tertiary fossil, then 

 it would follow that the latter is also a Goniobasis, in which 

 case its specific name would be preoccupied by Melania= Gonio- 

 basis plicifera Lea, a recent species, unless the latter should be 

 removed to some other genus, as Hannibal has done. The 

 easiest way out of the dilemma is to leave trigemmata in Melania, 

 where Harris placed it. I pass the puzzle on to the next fellow, 

 with these clues as a starter. 



Limnaea (Polyrhytis) kingii Meek, 1877, was described from 

 beds designated as "probably Miocene," in Cache Valley, 

 Utah. I had supposed these beds to be Pleistocene, and Han- 

 nibal has suggested the same thing, but Dr. T. W. Stanton 

 writes me that they are now generally considered Pliocene, or 

 at least older than the Lake Bonneville beds, because they are 

 more disturbed, though I believe Lake Bonneville extended 

 into Cache Valley during its greatest expansion. I believe that 

 Radix ampla var. utahensis Call, 1884, is a synonym of Lymnaea 



