84: ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVEEY. 



After the maceration in water, the subsequent treatment of the straw, by any 

 of the before-mentioned processes, may be thus enumerated : 1st. By alka- 

 line solutions. 2d. By solutions of hypochlorides of soda or of potash. 3d. 

 By the employment of the hypochlorides of lime, potash, or soda, as described 

 in processes 6 and 7. When the alkaline liquids and the hypochlorides, con- 

 tained in the preparations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, are too much charged with color- 

 ing matter, by reason of the repeated immersions of the straw, they are filtered 

 through a layer of animal charcoal, reduced to a granulated or powdered state, 

 for the purpose of obtaining a partial or total discharge of the coloring matter 

 therefrom. The hypochlorides of soda and potash decompose after they have 

 been long in use, but they may be renewed from time to tune by chlorine gas, 

 or by a solution of chloride of lime. The straw or vegetable filaments are well 

 washed with water, after they have been perfectly bleached by the above pro- 

 cesses, or some of them, and may then be made into pulp in the ordinary 

 manner, for the fabrication of paper. It is evident that hydrochloric or sul- 

 phuric acids may, if deemed necessary, be used in connection with the above 

 bleaching materials, as is now well understood and generally adopted in the 

 bleaching of pulp in the manufacture of paper. 



MANUPACTTJEE OF BAJSTK-ISTOTE PAPER. 



From the Report of the Committee of the New England Association of 

 Banks for the Suppression of Counterfeiting, appointed to report upon the 

 specimens of bank-note paper which were offered for the premium of $100, 

 we glean some interesting particulars, relative to the strength of bank-note 

 paper. Two of the most extensive bank-note paper manufacturers offered 

 specimens, and the premium was awarded to J. M. Wilcox & Co., Ivy Mills, 

 Penn. These papers were tested by Charles T. Carney of Lowell. Sheets 

 were drawn at random from 500 sheets of each specimen, and then 1 strength 

 tested both lengthwise or by perpendicular strain, and crosswise or by trans- 

 verse strain, also with and without sizing. The first experiment was with 

 paper made by Crane & Co., weighing 14 Ibs. to the ream. The first sheets 

 used were each halved and weighed, each half sheet being folded double when 

 tested. A half sheet weighing 3'165 grammes, having 64'S1 square inches to 

 support the strain, stood a perpendicular strain of 20*5 Ibs. "Without sizing 

 and weighing by its loss 3 '070 grammes, it stood a strain of 100'5 Ibs. For a 

 transverse strain, a half sheet weighing 3*227 grammes, with 53*375 square 

 inches stood a strain of 254*5 Ibs. Without sizing, and weighing 3'085 

 grammes, it stood the strain of 146'5 Ibs. 



For the second experiment, paper made by Wilcox & Co., 14 Ibs to the 

 ream, was used. A half sheet as before, weighing 3*505 grammes, and 

 offering 61 square inches to the strain, stood the strain of 120*5 Ibs. Trans- 

 verse, a. half sheet weighing 3*180 grammes, with 53*375 square inches, stood 

 a str- in of 260*5 Ibs. Without sizing and weighing 2*830 grammes, 105*5 Ibs. 

 Experiment No. 3, was with paper made by Wilcox & Co., weighing 16 Ibs. 

 to the ream. A half sheet weighing 45*86 grammes, with 61 square inches, 

 stood a strain of 300*5 Ibs. Without sizing and weighing 4'520 grammes, it 

 stood a strain of 137*5 Ibs. 



