MECHANICS AND USEFUL ARTS. 117 



it on a small scale, and found it very profitable ; but owing to the great 

 amount of labor required at one time to peel them, while, the bark is loose, it 

 was found that there could be but few raised in this country, where labor is 

 so scarce and high, without there could be a power machine for peeling them. 

 A machine to accomplish this end has recently been invented by George J. 

 Colby,~of Jonesville, Yt. The operation is simple, the willows being passed 

 between two or three sets of India rubber rollers, one set of which has a 

 vibrating motion, which rubs the bark off very effectually ; the others mainly 

 separating the willows from the loose bark. The rollers being made of India 

 rnbber, there is no possible chance for the willows to be injured, and it will 

 adapt itself to all sizes, so that from 20 to 30 rods can be passing through at 

 the same tune. "With one horse, and two men to attend it, it will peel from 

 one to two tons per day, while to do the same amount of work by hand it 

 would require 30 or 40 men and boys. Scientific American. 



IMPROVED METAL LATHE. 



In an unproved lathe arranged by Mr. Nasmyth, of England, for turning 

 cast-iron pulleys for shafting, the slow motion for the mandrel is got by gear- 

 ing down directly from an endless screw and a worm-wheel on the mandrel, 

 the endless screw being driven by a belt from the shafting overhead, thus dis- 

 pensing with the usual number of pulleys for reducing the speed of the shaft- 

 ing. The pulleys to be turned are bored and keyed upon a mandrel, of which 

 there are a number provided of various sizes ; the two centers of these man- 

 drels being bushed with steel in a very ingenious manner. The slide-rest is 

 made like an ordinary hand slide-rest, but the feed is given by a wheel and a 

 T ratchet worked by a fine chain from a vibrating arm above, which is moved 

 by a chain from an arm moved by a cam on the lathe mandrel ; the chain can 

 be hooked to any length, and so attached to the feed ratchet any where about 

 the lathe. 



NEW METHOD OF ENGRAVING ON GLASS. 



One of the most ingenious devices recently invented is "Whipple's arrange- 

 ment for engraving on glass." In this, the engraving to be transferred to the 

 glass, is first cut upon a steel roller or cylinder. If the glass surface to be or- 

 namented is a cylindrical one, as a goblet, this goblet and steel cylinder are 

 mounted side by side hi a lathe on spindles geared together, and the two are 

 allowed to revolve rapidly, pressing with moderate force upon each other. 

 Tine emery is then applied to both surfaces, and those portions of the steel 

 cylinder which are in relief, by their continual pressing of the emery down 

 upon the surface of the glass in the process of rotation, in a short time trans- 

 fer in the most beautiful and perfect manner the whole device engraved upon 

 the metal cylinder. The two rotating surfaces being accurately geared to- 

 gether, it is obvious that the same points on the circumference of each will 

 accurately correspond in each rotation. If the surface to be engraved is a 

 plane, the steel roller revolves by an arrangement of apparatus backward and 



