866 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVEEY. 



Moslem priests, who were determined that no infidels should pass through 

 their country, and exposed to demands for tribute from En-noor, the sultan 

 of the kingdom, they were obliged to remain for more than three months 

 awaiting a safe opportunity to proceed further. During this time Dr. Earth 

 made a journey to Agadez, the capital of A'ir, a city containing 8,000 inhabi- 

 tants, situated in a rich and beautiful valley. The entire kingdom contains a 

 population of 70,000. The climate is healthy for Europeans. The inhabit- 

 ants appear to be a branch of the Tuarick or desert tribe mingled with the 

 race of Soudan. They are tall and finely formed, and some of them are quite 

 European in features and complexion. 



After a period of great uncertainty and anxiety, the travelers finally won 

 the good-will of Sultan En-noor, who escorted them over the remaining por- 

 tions of the desert into Soudan, on the borders of which they arrived on the 

 1st of January, 1851. At the village of Tagelal, in the country of Damergou, 

 they separated, and, in order to explore as much of Soudan as possible, took 

 separate routes, making Kuka their place of rendezvous. Mr. Richardson 

 took the direct road, by way of Zinder, the capital of Damergou, while Dr. 

 Earth set out for Kashna and Kano. Mr. Richardson remained nearly a 

 month at Zinder, and continued his journey, encountering no difficulties on 

 the way until the close of February, when he fell sick at a village called TJn- 

 gurutua, only six days' journey from Kuka. From his journal, which has 

 since been published, lie seems to have suffered severely from the heat and 

 the fatigue of travel. He never rallied, but gradually became weaker, and 

 died on the 4th of March. Dr. Earth did not hear of his death until the 25th 

 of that mouth. He immediately hastened to Ungurutua, and succeeded in 

 saving the papers of the lost leader, which were forwarded to England, and 

 have since been published. 



Dr. Earth, on whom the management of the expedition now devolved, 

 hastened on to Kuka, where he arrived on the 2d of April. He was very 

 hospitably received by the Sultan, and received a loan of $100 from the viz- 

 ier, without which aid he would have been greatly embarrassed, as the expe- 

 dition was completely disorganized and its means almost exhausted. Dr. 

 Overweg, who had undertaken to explore Gaber and Mariadi, two independ- 

 ent pagan countries, in the direction of Sackatoo, was kindly received b_y the 

 natives, who are a cross between the Tuaricks and the negro races. He spent 

 two months in their countries and obtained much valuable information respect- 

 ing them. He proceeded to Kuka by way of Zinder, and finally rejoined Dr. 

 Earth on the 7th of May. 



The two travelers immediately began to prepare for further explorations. 

 Dr. Earth, while on his way from Kano to Kuka, received accounts of a large 

 kingdom to the south, called Adamawa, which was said to be the most beau- 

 tiful portion of Central Africa. After much hesitation, the Sultan of Bornou 

 gave him a letter to Adamawa, and furnished him with a captain and three 

 men as escort. He started on the 29th of May, and traveled southward for 

 three weeks over broad, fertile plains, and through forests infested with lions 

 and elephants. On entering the kingdom of Adamawa he found the country 

 very thickly populated, the inhabitants possessing large herds of cattle. The 



