368 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



Maduari, on the shores of Lake Tsad, which he was the first European to 

 navigate. 



Meantime letters and funds had arrived from England, and Dr. Earth, find- 

 ing his own health unimpaired, determined to carry on the undertaking single- 

 handed, regardless of the perils and privations that awaited him. He made 

 preparations to leave for Sackatoo and Timbuctoo, but first took the precau- 

 tion of forwarding all his papers to England. He finally left Kuka on the 

 25th of November, 1852, reached Sackatoo in April, 1853, and entered the 

 famous city of Timbuctoo on the 7th of September. After this nothing was 

 heard of him for a long time, and the most serious apprehensions were felt 

 concerning him. Word at last reached Tripoli, by way of Bornou, that he 

 had fallen a victim to the enmity of the chief of the desert tribes around Tim- 

 buctoo, who had sworn that he should never leave the city alive. 



Previous to leaving Kuka he had written to the British Government re- 

 questing that another coadjutor might be sent out, to supply the loss of Dr. 

 Overweg. Dr. Edward Yogel, an assistant of Mr. Hind, the astronomer, vol- 

 unteered his services, which were accepted, and he was also permitted to take 

 two volunteers from the corps of sappers and miners. This new party left 

 Tripoli on the 28th of June, 1853, accompanied by Mr. Warrington, son of 

 the English consul at that place. They reached Mourzuk on the 8th of Au- 

 gust, and were obliged to remain there until the 13th of October, when they 

 started for Boruou with a caravan of 70 camels. The march across the Sa- 

 hara was very rapid and fortunate, and in December they arrived safely at 

 Kuka. The next news which reached England, and which immediately fol- 

 lowed the account of the murder of Dr. Earth, was the death of Mr. Warring- 

 ton and the dangerous illness of Dr. Yogel. The Expedition seemed to be 

 fated, in every way. 



After some months of painful uncertainty, came the joyful intelligence that 

 Dr. Earth was still alive and had left Timbuctoo, after a stay of nearly a 

 year. The report of his death had been invented by the Yizier of Bornou, 

 who coveted the supplies belonging to the Expedition, and who would no 

 doubt have taken measures to have the story confirmed, for the sake of secur- 

 ing the plunder, had he not been deposed in consequence of a political revo- 

 lution in Bornou. What happened to Dr. Earth during his stay at Timbuctoo 

 has not yet been made known, but it is said that he owed his safety to the 

 friendship of the powerful Sultan of Houssa. He succeeded in exploring the 

 whole middle course of the Kowara (Niger), which no one but the lamented 

 Park, whose journals perished with him, ever accomplished. In his journey- 

 ings in those regions, he discovered two large kingdoms, Gando and Hamd- 

 Allahi, the very names of which were before unknown. He was treated with 

 the greatest reverence by the inhabitants, who bestowed upon him the name 

 of " Modibo," and seemed to consider him as a demi-god. He reached Kano, 

 on his return, on the 17th of October last, and on the 1st of December met 

 Dr. Yogel, his associate the first white man he had seen for more than two 

 years ! He probably spent the winter in Kuka, and started in March or April 

 on his return to Europe, as we find that he reached Mourzuk on the 20th of 

 July. Dr. Earth is not yet thirty-five years of age, and with the boundless 



