68 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



has a loop of tape gummed to it. Suppose a person arrives at a sta- 

 tion and is not going on by a train for an hour or two, or a day, and 

 is desirous of leaving a carpet-bag or trunk at the station. Pie pays 

 one penny, and in a moment the taped portion of a platform ticket is 

 fastened to the handle of the carpet-bag. This portion bears, as has 

 been already stated, a printed number also ; the words " deposited at 

 Winchester," or whatever the station may be, and likewise the words, 

 "for down train." Another portion of the ticket, with the same num- 

 ber as the last, is torn off and given to the owner of the carpet-bag, 

 to be presented at the station when the article is wanted. The 

 words " for down train " are omitted on this portion. The portion of 

 the ticket that is left in the book corresponds with that given to the 

 passenger, and is a check on the money taker. The company then 

 becomes responsible for the safety of the property. Luggage is divi- 

 ded into three class that for down train, up train, and to be left till 

 called for, and should be sorted into three different compartments at 

 the station. For each division there is a separate book of tickets. If 

 a person were to find or steal a ticket, and apply for property, he 

 would be instantly detected, because he would first have to say 

 whether the luggage was for up or down train, or to be left till called 

 for, which he could not do unless he owned it. There is no necessity 

 for any address to be on the luggage. One penny per package per 

 diem is charged for a platform ticket. 



IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER WORKS. 



At the last meeting of the British Association, Mr. J. F. Bateman 

 described at length some recent improvements introduced in the water 

 works of Manchester, England. The magnitude of the Manchester 

 Waterworks was stated to be greater than that of the Croton Aque- 

 duct at New York, which has hitherto been considered the largest of 

 modern times. The three principal reservoirs will contain 500,000,000 

 of cubic feet of water, and there are two smaller reservoirs which hold 

 100,000,000 ; so that the total quantity stored up for the consumption 

 of Manchester and the neighboring mills is 600,000,000 cubic feet. 

 The furthest reservoir is 20 miles distant from Manchester, and is 420 

 feet above the level of the upper part of the city. The daily con- 

 sumption of the inhabitants is 30,000,000 gallons, which are supplied 

 immediately from a service-reservoir 150 feet above the level of Pic- 

 cadilly, at the highest part of Manchester. The valves of the main 

 pipes which open and cut off the supply are 40 inches in diameter, and, 

 with a pressure of 150 feet on that area, it would have been impossible, 

 without great labor or complicated machinery, to have opened and 

 closed the valves had they been of the ordinary construction. Mr. 

 Armstrong, of Newcastle, suggested, as a means of overcoming the 

 difficulty, that the large valve should be divided into three, and this 

 plan had been found to act remarkably well. A small compartment 

 of the valve was first withdrawn, and the rush of water through it hav- 

 ing filled the pipe, the pressure was counteracted, and the other and 



