MECHANICS AND USEFUL ARTS. 



79 



I Clod crasher 



1 Iron and 8 wood cylinder rollers 

 4 Sets of iron harrows 



2 Scarifiers or cultivators 

 8 Sets of iron whiffletrees 



Land marker 

 Corn drill 

 Liquid drill 

 Turnip drill 

 Grass seed drill 

 Liquid manure cart 

 Water cart 

 Liquid manure pump 



"Weighing machine and weights 

 Horse rake 

 Hay-making machine 



1 Steam engine 



1 Combined threshing machine 



1 Flour mill 



1 Linseed mill 



1 Bean splitter 



2 Chaff machines 



1 Cake breaker 



2 Winnowing machines 

 1 Corn blower 



1 Barley hummeller 

 4 Turnip cutters and pulpers 

 20 Iron troughs 

 Shepherd's field house 

 Sheep racks and cribs 

 Hand tools, chains, &c. 



The estimated weight of iron in these implements is 20 tons, and to it there 

 may be added at least 4 tons for iron work in farm buildings, gates, &c. The 

 estimated annual consumption of iron in order to keep these implements good 

 is about 6^ cwt., or rather more, per annum of wrought iron, and 7 cwt. of 

 cast iron. The number of horses kept is 14 ; each of them on an average 

 uses 32 shoes per annum, weighing about 2 Ibs. each of them ; about one- 

 eighth are lost, and the average weight of the old shoes worked up is about Ib. 

 each. From these data it is calculated that nearly 5 cwt. of wrought iron 

 are annually used hi horse shoes alone. This makes the total consump- 

 tion of wrought iron 12 cwt., and of cast iron 7 cwt. per annum. YTe are not 

 informed as to the quality of the soil the number of horses would lead one 

 to suppose it heavy but from their being spoken of as "pairs," and from the 

 use of double furrow ploughs, we suppose it to be light, and the latter is more 

 probably the case. 



On this farm hi Bedfordshire it appears that on 450 acres there is a con- 

 sumption of rather more than 4 Ibs. of iron per acre per annum. It must 

 be remembered, however, that the relative proportions of arable and pasture 

 on this farm are not those which obtain over the country generally, and that 

 the stock of iron implements upon this farm very far exceeds the quantity 

 generally in use. On both these grounds we have little doubt that in this 

 experience there is nearly double the consumption of iron which generally 

 obtains per acre ; and, therefore, that this, over the country generally, ought 

 to be assumed rather as being between 2 and 3 Ibs. per acre yearly than 

 as between 4 and 5. 



ON THE UTILIZATION OF CAST IRON TURNINGS. 



It is common to consider the fine turnings, clippings, and filings of iron 

 nearly or quite valueless, on account of their disposition to blow up the 

 chimney or stick and clog the draught, on attempting to remelt them ; but 

 two methods have been lately invented, either of which renders it perfectly 

 practicable to remelt these particles, even if, as usual, there are considerable 

 quantities of wrought iron and dirt intermingled. The first is by Mr. Abiel 

 Pevey, of Lowell, and consists hi providing a lot of cheap hollow castings, of 



