MECHANICS AND USEFUL ARTS. Ill 



lastly, the better anatomical exactitude with wlu'ch members detached from 

 the body may, as members, be worked. 



SUBMARINE AND SUBSOIL MAPS. 



As far back as the year 1852, Professor Forchhammer, of the University 

 of Kiel, suggested in a speech to the assembled savans of Germany at their 

 annual gathering at Wiesbaden, the possibility of constructing submarine 

 charts on the same principle as the common geographical maps, with a 

 shading of greater or less strength to denote the mountains and other in- 

 equalities of the bed of the sea. That gentleman has just now had a map 

 on tliis principle engraved. It is intended to illustrate a work of his now in 

 the press on the Ruins of Troy, and represents the sea between the Island of 

 Tenedos and the opposite coast of Asia Minor, including therefore the classic 

 spot where the Greek fleet lay at anchor, the rendezvous of the different naval 

 contingents to the memorable expedition to Troy. This submarine map is 

 partly based on the soundings taken by H. B. M. surveying ship Beacon, and 

 published in the Admiralty charts, and partly from the observations made on 

 the spot by the learned professor himself, who spent a long time in those 

 classical parts for the purpose of studying their topography. He proposes to 

 call the charts constructed on his new system, " Bentheographical Maps." 



Subsoil Mo.p. M. Durnon, of Paris, has recently constructed, by order of 

 government, a map, exhibiting the nature and character of the subsoil for 

 the whole 'of France. It is designed to be used with, and to accompany 

 another map descriptive of the geographical and geological features of the 

 surface. The one map exhibits with the greatest accuracy all information 

 pertaining to the surface, while the other reveals what lies immediately below 

 the surface, thus affording indications of great value to the agriculturist, and 

 to those engaged hi searching for minerals or building materials. 



COOKING WITHOUT FIRE. 



Mr. W. "W. Albro, of Binghamton, N. T., has invented a contrivance fo_r 

 this purpose, which consists in a combination of tin cooking dishes placed 

 above each other, the bottom of one vessel fitting into the top part of the dish 

 below, &c. In the lower dish of ah 1 , the inventor places a small quantity of 

 quicklime, and then by means of a tube introduces a little cold water; a 

 strong chemical action ensues, and intense heat is instantly generated, where- 

 by articles of food, such as meat, vegetables, &c., placed hi the other dishes, 

 will be cooked hi a very short tune. The inventor states, that a tin con- 

 trivance of this kind, not occupying greater space than an ordinary bandbox, 

 will do the cooking of a family of five persons. It is also adaptable for work- 

 ing men's dinner pails, enabling them to enjoy freshly cooked and warm 

 meals. 



GAS AND ATMOSPHERIC AIR COOKING. 



There is probably no greater popular error than the idea that the brighter 

 the light is the greater the heat, since it is a well known fact that many sub- 



