284: ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



example, from 1000 kilogrammes of beet root, which contain really 100 kilo- 

 grammes of sugar, not more than fifty or fifty-five kilogrammes are extracted ; 

 and sugar cane, which should yield 200 or 210 kilogrammes to the thousand, 

 gives from sixty to sixty-five only. The fault is shown to lie in the mode of 

 treatment. Sugar exposed to the action of cold water undergoes a change 

 known to chemists, which prevents its crystallization. A beet root dug up 

 and stowed away is a cone of cold water, the longer it lies the more is 

 the sugar diminished. Keeping it under shelter makes no difference. Manu- 

 facturers, however, have to store their stock of beets, as months elapse, 

 according to the present process, before they can be passed through the 

 mill 



The remedy proposed is to crush out the juice at once as fast as the roots 

 are dug up, and discharge it into huge cisterns, and throw in a quantity of 

 lime, whereby a saccharate of lime is formed which will keep undeteriorated 

 for a whole year, and may be converted at the manufacturer's convenience. 

 By adding carbonic acid, or others of similar action, to this saccharate, and 

 treating it properly by evaporation, &c., it gives up the crystallizable sugar 

 which it has held intact, and in full quantity. 



THE NEW FACTS RESPECTING OZONE. 



The following articles, gathered from various sources, embody all the recent 

 information made public respecting ozone. 



The first article is an abstract of a paper read before the American Asso- 

 ciation, Albany, by Prof. "W. B. Eogers : 



Prof Rogers said, that the chief object in this communication was to call 

 the attention of American observers to a branch of inquiry which, as yet, they 

 had greatly neglected, and to indicate a change in the methods of observation 

 which he thought essential to make the effects on the ozonometer a fan- mea- 

 sure of the quantities of ozone in the atmosphere. 



Prof. R. presented the results of two short series of observations, the first of 

 which were made in the city of Boston, at a station on the eastern side of the 

 extensive common ; the second, on a hill fifty miles westward of the city, at a 

 height about five hundred feet above tide, in the midst of an undulating rural 

 district covered with verdure and removed from any collection of houses or 

 manufactories. The ozonometer used was the ordinary test paper of Schoen- 

 bein, which was exposed freely to the outer ah' in such a way as to be shel- 

 tered from strong light and from rain. 



The city observations extended from the first of February to the last of May. 

 In these it was found that winds coming from any of the eastern points gave 

 little or no indication of ozone, but those from western points, especially from 

 the N. W., produced a strong impression upon the test paper. Thus for the 

 four months of observations in the city the mean for E. winds was 0'6, that for 

 W. winds was 3-9, the former showing no trace of ozone unless when the 

 current was very strong. 



At the country station, the observations extending from the first of June 

 until late in August, when the report was drawn up, furnished very different 

 results. Here the air, from whatever point it arrived, was more or less ozo- 



