106 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



then made into a paste with the solution of British gum. The latter may be 

 replaced by gum or glue. 



2. Matches with a Prepared Friction Surface. The mass consists of 



Chlorate of potassa, -7 parts. 



Sugar of lead, . 2 " 



Bichromate of potassa, 2 " 



Flowers of sulphur, .... . . 1 " 



Gum, 6 " 



Water, 18 " 



They are mixed in the same manner as No. 1. 

 The friction cover is made from 



Blacksmith's scales, 1 part. 



Emory, 1 " 



Chlorate of potassa, 6 " 



Eed glue 1 " 



Glue, q. s., 



These are mixed, and painted on sheets of paper, wood, or metals. 



3. Chlorate of potassa, 5 parts. 



Powdered glass or flint, 3 " 



Bichromate of potassa, 2 " 



Gum, or British gum, 2 " 



Water, q. s., 



Prepared and mixed as under No. 1. 



Matches dipped into the above mixtures are not ignited by concussion, 

 nor by a temperature as high as 350 F. 



PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE WORKS, LONDON. 



The process of manufacturing candles, as carried on at the works of Price's 

 Patent Candle Company, which we propose briefly to describe, is one of the 

 most interesting sights in London. The two establishments are known as 

 Belmont, at Vauxhall, and Sherwood, at Battersea. At Sherwood, the works 

 cover over twelve acres of ground, six of which are under cover; and to 

 this establishment we wish to carry our reader. The raw materials princi- 

 pally used in this manufactory are palm oil, cocoa-nut oil, and petroleum; 

 the first, however, is used in by far the largest quantities, and to its prepara- 

 tion for the manufacture of candles we shall first draw attention. Palm oil, 

 as imported, is of a deep orange color, of the consistency of butter at mid- 

 summer; hence it will not flow out of the cask like the more fluent oils; and 

 to assist this costive tendency the first care of the manufacturer the 

 following plan is pui'sued: the casks of oil, as they arrive from ths docks, 

 are transferred to a large shed, the floor of which is traversed, from end 

 to end, with an opening about a foot wide, which is in communication with 

 an under-ground tank. Over this opening the bung-hole of each successive 

 cask is brought, and the persuasive action of a jet of steam thrown into the 

 mass speedily liquefies and transfers it to the under-ground tank. Herefrom 

 the oil is pumped by steam-power to what may be called the high service of 

 the establishment, gravitation being sufficient to make it carry itself to the 

 distilling-rooms. Palm oil and all animal oils are made up of three elements, 





