CHEMICAL SCIENCE. 



221 



wrought iron, we analyzed the scoria or slag which remained in the furnace 

 after the balls had been taken out, and found its composition to be as follows : 



Silica, 16-53 



Protoxide of iron, 66-23 



Sulphuret of iron, 6-80 



Phosphoric acid, 8-80 



Protoxide of manganese, 4-90 



Alumina, 1-04 



Lime, 0-70 



100.00 



Therefore, in the scoria are found the silicium, phosphorus, sulphur, and 

 manganese, which existed in the pig iron ; and probably the phosphorus 

 and silicium are removed from the iron by their forming fusible compounds 

 with its oxide. 



We shall conclude this paper by giving our results in a tabulated form, so 

 that the removal of the carbon and silicium may be better appreciated by 

 those who may consult it with the view of obtaining such information as 

 may lead them to those improvements to which we think our investigations 

 tend. 



IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL. 



Morgan's Improvement in Iron Smelting. This invention relates to the 

 smelting of iron ores, in which the quantity of alumina present is equal to, 

 or exceeds, one-half the quantity of silica; and the invention consists in em- 

 ploying as a flux in the blast-furnace, when smelting such ores, sandstone, 

 sand, or, in fact, any other matter which contains silica in a comparatively 

 pure form that is to say, where the proportion of that substance is about 

 seventy per cent. ; any substance containing less than this would be alto- 

 gether unsuitable as a flux, according to this invention, owing to the in- 

 crease of fuel it requires, and also the large quantity of impurities which 

 would be introduced by it into the furnace. When- ores containing silica in 

 a quantity less than double the alumina are smelted in the ordinary manner, 

 the alumina renders the slag infusible and thick, and the working of the fur- 

 nace is imperfect, while the iron becomes at the same time deteriorated. In 

 carrying out his invention, Mr. Morgan operated upon ore known as Cleve- 

 land iron-stone, which ore contains of alumina 7.96, and of silica 8.62. Now 

 when, according to this invention, iron ores are employed which contain 

 certain proportions of silica and alumina different from that above, the 



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