GEOLOGY. 335 



But surely we must all believe too firmly in the immutable attributes of that 

 Being, in whom all truth, of whatever kind, finds its proper resting-place, to 

 think that the principles of physical and moral truth can ever be in lasting 

 collision. 



DISCOVERY OF THE REMAINS OF A FOSSIL EXTINCT REPTILE, THE 



HADROSAURUS, IN NEW JERSEY. 



During the summer and fall of 1858, the remains of a huge herbivorous 

 saurian reptile, closely allied, but larger, than the extinct Iguanodon, of the 

 "\Veaden and Lower Greensands of Europe, were discovered, by William P. 

 Foulke, of Philadelphia, in the cretaceous marls of Haddonficld, Camden 

 Co., X. J. The circumstances attending this discovery, and the following 

 description of the bones, are given in the proceedings of the Phil. Academy, 

 for December 14, 1S'8. 



During the summer and autumn of 1838, Mr. Foulke visited a neighbor, 

 Mr. Hopkins, near his own summer residence at Haddonfield, in New Jer- 

 sey, a few miles out from Camden, on the Camden and Atlantic Railroad; 

 and, in the course of conversation, Mr. H. described from memory some 

 teeth and vertebras which had been thrown out from a marl-pit on his prop- 

 erty not less than twenty years ago. One by one they had been given away 

 to curious friends, or casual acquaintances, or lost. He could remember no 

 long or large bones, but only teeth and vertebras. Receiving permission to 

 reopen the spot, Mr. Foulke set a gang of marl-diggers to work at the bot- 

 tom of a small ravine near where it opens upon Cooper's Creek, and about 

 twenty feet below the surrounding farm land of the neighborhood. Three 

 or four feet of soil brought the workmen to the face of the marl, and, discov- 

 ering the old digging, went down along its edge six or seven feet, through a 

 small bed of shells, to where the bones had been exhumed. At this point a 

 collection of bones was found. They consisted of a thigh-bone forty inches 

 long, with a breadth at the head and adjoining trochanter of nine inches ; a 

 tibia thirty-six and a half inches in length, and eleven inches broad at the 

 upper part; humerus perfect, and twenty-three inches in length; ulna, 

 twenty-three inches long ; radius twenty inches, and six inches in circumfer- 

 ence in the middle. In addition to the above, there were also obtained 

 twenty-eight vertebrae, mostly with their processes broken away; an ilium 

 and pubic bone, imperfect; a femur; two metatarsal bones, and a first pha- 

 lanx, complete; also, nine teeth, and a small fragment of the lower jaw. 



The bones are ebony black, from the infiltration of iron, and are exceed- 

 ingly heavy. Their texture is firm and well preserved; and they are neither 

 crushed nor water rolled. In association with them, beside the shells and 

 wood, were found several teeth of Odontaspis and Enchodus. 



Most of the specimens of teeth appear to have belonged to the lower jaw. 

 These, when unworn and perfect, are about two inches long, and of all 

 known teeth mostly resemble those of the Iguanodon. They have a demi- 

 conoidal crown, with a lozenge-shaped enamel surface directed inwardly, and 

 divided by a prominent median carina. The upper borders of this surface 

 are provided with short, transverse, tuberculated ridges. 



The sides and bottoms of the teeth exhibit the impressions of lateral and 

 inferior successors, and appear to indicate that the teeth in use, together 

 Avith those more or less developed within the jaw, had a quincuncial arrange- 

 ment. Two of the specimens of teeth, perhaps, belong to the upper jaw. 



