ZOOLOGY. 387 



incline, after a period of stability, toward a decrease rather than an increase, 

 owing to the peculiarities of their civilization. 



Dieterici's remarks on Distribution by Races is prefaced by an interesting 

 sketch of Retzius's new system of craniology, with its two divisions of Oval 

 Heads (dolico cephaloas) and Broad or Cubic Heads (bradry cephalous) the 

 former including, in Europe, all the Latin and German tribes, 157 millions; 

 the latter the Slavonic, Magyar, Turkish, and some of the Romance tribes 

 of the south, 115 millions; in Asia, the Chinese, Hindoos, Arian Persians, 

 Arabs, Jews, and Tungusians, are Oval Heads, 610 millions; all the rest 

 Broad Heads, 145 millions. The estimate of America is, of course, based on 

 aborigines only. In regard to them, the opinion is advanced that from the 

 islands around Behring's Straits, along the west coast, including the Russian 

 Colonies, Oregon, Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chili, Argentina, Pata- 

 gonia, and Fire Island, the population consists principally of Broad Heads; 

 while on the east coast, from Canada downward, including the United 

 Statos, the Caribbean Islands, the West Indies, Venezuela, Guiana, and 

 Brazil, the Oval Heads predominate. This would coincide with Humboldt's 

 theory, that the west coast of America was peopled from Asia. The aborig- 

 ines would now, probably, not exceed one million. All the rest are emi- 

 grants and their descendants, including perhaps half a million of Broad 

 Heads ; one-half of the aborigines being Oval Heads, one million is there- 

 fore the extent of the Broad Heads of America, to fifty-eight millions of 

 Oval Heads. In Australia the Broad and Oval Heads are probably evenly 

 divided, being one million each. The footings are therefore as follows : 



Oval Heads. Broad Heads. 



In Europe, 157.000,000 115,000,000 



In Asia, 610,000,000 145,000,000 



In Africa, ' 200.000,000 



In America, 58,000,000 1,000,000 



In Australia, 1,000.000 1,000,000 



Total, 1,026.000,000 262,000,000 



The same Swedish ethnologist makes still another division of the human 

 race, according to the facial angle, into Orthognathes and Prognathes the 

 former with an erect face, the latter with protruding jaws and receding 

 foreheads. Both classes are found both among Oval and Broad Heads. 



The footings are thus : 



Upright Faces. Receding Faces. 



In Europe, 272,000,000 



In Asia, 224,000,000 531,000,000 



In Africa, 200,000,000 



In America, 58.000,000 1,000,000 



In Australia, 1,000.000 1.000,000 



Total 555,000,000 728,000,000 



The excess of the latter is attributable to the population of Africa, which, 

 although Oval Pleads, must be classed entirely with the Receding Faces, the 

 same as the population of China and Eastern Asia in general. 



The preceding strictly scientific classification is followed by the popular 

 classification of races, according to the color of the skin and the formation 



