ANNUAL 



O F 



SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY: 



O R 



YEAR-BOOK OF FACTS IN SCIENCE AND ART 



FOR 1861. 



EXHIBITING THE 



HOST IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES AND IMPROVEMENTS 



I X 



MECHANICS, USEFUL ARTS, NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, CHEMISTRY, 



ASTRONOMY, GEOLOGY, ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, MINERALOGY, 



METEOROLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, ANTIQUITIES, ETC. 



TOGETHER WITH 



NOTES ON THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE DURING THE YEAR 1860; A LIST 



OF RECENT SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS; OBITUARIES OF 



EMINENT SCIENTIFIC MEN, ETC. 







EDITED BY 



DAVID A. WELLS, A.M., 



AUTHOR OP PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, PRINCIPLES OP CHEMISTRY, 



SCIENCE OF COMMON THINGS, ETC. 



BOSTON: 



GOULD AND LINCOLN, 



59 WASHINGTON STREET. 



NEW YORK: SHELDON AND COMPANY. 



CINCINNATI : GEORGE S. BLANCHARD. 



LONDON: TRUBNER & CO. 



1861. 



