8 THE NAUTILUS. 



by the Papago Indians. Their horses, cattle, corn and wheat 

 fields, and villages are numerous, and we were under many 

 obligations to them for their good wells. Converted by the 

 Catholic Fathers some three hundred years ago, and with the 

 assistance of the Presbyterians since, they have become an in- 

 dustrious people, fat and very rich. Their housing is not 

 pretentious, as with wealthy white men, but evidently sani- 

 tary, for the male in weight averages about 260 and his help- 

 meet about 180. The white men covet the Papago 's grass 

 and browsing, and would like a mix-up ; but Uncle Sam at 

 present is plainly giving the Indian a square deal. 



Between the Tucson Range and the Ajo we collected at 55 

 stations, sampling the hills here and there. Other expeditions 

 were made to the Serritas, to the Rosemont and Greaterville 

 mining districts on the east side of the Santa Ritas, and to the 

 Empire and Mustang Ranges on our way to visit old friends 

 in the Huachucas. A. F. Berner, an old friend of the botan- 

 ists and snail hunters, was found in hard luck. He is now 

 blind and has been confined to his bed with rheumatism for 

 two years. The entomologist, Biedermann, is more fortunate. 

 He has been remarkably successful with beetles and moths, 

 and he is now an acknowledged leader in grafting. With 99 

 per cent success he has made the Carr Canyon walnuts pro- 

 duce the best of European walnuts, and the Black Hamburgs 

 are now picked from the wild vines of his homestead. He 

 hopes to exhibit home-grown chestnuts in another year, from 

 the mountain oaks. They do it in France. Happy Jack is a 

 prosperous merchant on the Ocean-to-Ocean auto way. 



In the Empire Range, draining into the Santa Cruz River, 

 and the Mustangs, draining into the San Pedro, we found both 

 Holospira and Oreohelix as well as Sonorella. Here was fur- 

 ther evidence of ancient "Noah flood" mischief. Deep in the 

 clay of the gulches of the Mustang slopes were Sonorellas and 

 Oreohelix, not to be found alive, or mixed in with the species 

 now living. I worked hard a day and a half to find them 

 alive or freshly dead, but other peaks and gulches had only 

 subfossils of their kind. A like condition existed along the 

 Bright Angel trail in the Grand Canyon. Since my former 



