THE NAUTILUS. 121 



Haldeman is almost exactly the same as that given by Bartsch 

 (1. c. ) as the typical form of V. angularis (Miill. ). 



Haldeman's name was proposed on account of the priority of 

 Paludina carinata Sw. , but multicarinata has already been used 

 by Cailliaud (Voy. Meroe, 182j, pi. IX, fig. 6) for another 

 species, so that it is not available at the present time even in a 

 varietal sense. 



None of the earlier names proposed for this form being avail- 

 able and, as in the light of our present knowledge, the race 

 seems worthy of varietal recognition, .a new one is given as 

 above. 



Frau'enfeld (Verzeichniss, Paludina, 1864, p. 571) considers 

 this form as the same as tricarinata Ant., but if the figures given 

 of that species by Philippi and Kuester correctly represent it, it 

 is quite different. 



XI. 



VlVIPARUS TRICARINATUS (Anton). 



Paludina tricarinata Anton. Verzeichniss, 1839, p. 52. 



Anton did not figure his species and I have not been able to 

 consult his original description. Kuester (Con. Cab., Paludina, 

 1852, p. 27) considered it to be a variety of angularis Miill. 

 (costatus Q. and G. ) "differing only in the sharper carinas, two 

 on the upper whorls and three on the last," and remarks that 

 every gradation between the two forms is to be found. 



Tricarinata is not mentioned by Reeve in the Conchologia 

 Iconica nor by Kobelt in his recent monograph in the Conchy - 

 lien Cabinet. 



I have not seen any Philippine specimens that are referable 

 to this species, but Bartsch' s zamboangensis evidently groups 

 with it, if we are justified in assuming that Kuester' s figure (pi. 

 6, fig. 5), which he gives as a "mittelform " in the series be- 

 tween the typical form and the variety, fairly represents the 

 species. 



I have two specimens in the James Lewis collection (Coll. 

 Walker, No. 12553) from Celebes (pi. IX, fig. 11), which agree 

 fairly well with Kuster's figure above mentioned. They differ 

 from typical costatus by their more elevated form, the sloping 



