120 NATURE-STUDY REVIEW [12:3— Mch., 1916 



woods. They may congregate to the number of thirty or 

 forty specimens, offering a sight of unusual beauty, which it is 

 quite worthy of a long tramp to see. 



The flight of this gaudy insect is much varied . We often ob- 

 serve it quietly resting upon tall, showy flowers in the open 

 fields, while upon other occasions it comes with a dashing, bold 

 movement through the woods — now near the very tree-tops, 

 now low down, near the ground, darting hither and thither as 

 though enjoying the power it posessed to take in all that the 

 country offered in the way of scenery and flowers, as well as to 

 defy the net of the lepidopterist. The Tiger Swallow-tail is a 

 large, yellow butterfly, with black markings and emarginations 

 as shown in Fig 14; there are also red and blue spots on the hin- 

 der wings. With this description, and by the aid of the afore- 

 said Figure 14, one cannot miss a correct identification. 



The female of this species is black for the most part, and was 

 long regarded as a distinct species — an error finally dispelled 

 through breeding-tests. These tests are extremely interesting 

 and should be made by the young naturalist, in order to gain 

 the experience and proof revealed by such researches. Up in 

 Sitka they have a small yellow variety of this butterfly, and many 

 of its relatives in the United States are creatures of great beauty; 

 but space is not sufficient here to allow me to mention even the 

 most prominent ones by name. 



In my picture, the insect is resting upon a beautiful example 

 of the common Day Lily (Hemerocallis fulva), which shows the 

 open as well as the closed flower, both being of a tawny orange 

 color; it is a European plant that has escaped from gardens. 



As pointed out above, the moths together with the butter- 

 flies constitute the great order of the Lepidoptera. When any 

 insect in this group is not a butterfly it must be a moth, — that is, 

 a species or subspecies of the Heterocera, a suborder created to 

 contain all the moths in the world's fauna, which is, by the way, 

 a good many different kinds of moths. 



In the main, butterflies possess clubbed antennas, while the 

 vast majority of moths do not. An antenna is one of the pair 

 of appendages that project from the front of the head of an in- 

 sect, springing from near the mouth-parts. In butterflies they 

 are often slender and hair-like, and clubbed, as I say, at their 

 free extermities. Sometimes the enlarged clubbed end is fine- 



