LOPHOPHORA. 83 



Plate viii, figure 3, shows a plant sent by Professor Lloyd from Zaeateeas in 1908, 

 which flowered at the New York Botanical Garden in 191 1. Figure 96 is from a photo- 

 graph of a plant sent by Dr. Elswood Chaff ey from Zaeateeas, Mexico, in 19 10. 



3. Ariocarpus fissuratus (Engelmann) Schumann in Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3 6a : 195. 1894. 



Mammillaria fissurata Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 270. 1856. 

 Anhalonium fissuratum Engelmann, Cact. Mex. Bound. 75. 1859. 

 Anhalonium engdmannii Lemaire, Cactees 42. 1868. 

 Ariocarpus lloydii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 308. 191 1. 



Plant body scarcely appearing above the ground, flat or somewhat rounded, sometimes 15 cm. 

 broad; tubercles imbricated, ovate, the upper part 2 to 3 cm. broad at base, acute or obtuse, the 

 whole surface more or less fissured and irregularly warty; areoles filled with a dense mass of hairs; 

 flowers 3 to 4 cm. broad, white to purple; inner perianth-segments oblong-oblanceolate ; style and 

 stigma-lobes white; fruit oval, pale green, 10 mm. long; seeds black, tuberculate-roughened. 



Type locality: Near the junction of the Pecos with the Rio Grande. 



Distribution: Western Texas and northern Coahuila and Zaeateeas, Mexico. 



Engelmann refers here (Cact. Mex. Bound. 74) Mammillaria heteromorpha Scheer 

 (Anhalonium heteromorphum Trelease in Engelmann's Botanical Works 537. 1887), 

 basing his conclusions on a skeleton specimen so labeled in Salm-Dyck's collection. The 

 species described under that name by Sahn-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 128. 1850) 

 is certainly not of this genus. 



This plant is generally known as living rock. It is dull gray to brown in color and 

 grows on dry stony ground and, when not in flower, is easily mistaken for the rocks which 

 surround it. 



Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 16; Diet. Gard. Nicholson 4: 563. f. 34, as Mam- 

 millaria fissurata; Illustr. Hort. 16: pi. [605a]; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. f. 20, as Anha- 

 lonium engelmannii; Cact. Journ. 2: 109; Gartenwelt 15: 538; Amer. Gard. 11: 465; Diet. 

 Gard. Nicholson Suppl. 51. f. 48; Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc. 18: f. 4; Arch. Exper. Path. 

 34: 70. f. 1; 376; Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: f. 14, 44; pi. 2, f. 7, as Anhalonium fissuratum; 

 Contr. U. vS. Nat. Herb. 13: pi. 63; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 1: f. 373; Mollers Deutsche 

 Gart. Zeit. 29: 73. f. 1, as Ariocarpus lloydii; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: pi. 62; Rep. Mo. 

 Bot. Gard. 9: pi. 32 ; Bliihende Kakteen 1: pi. 52, b; Bull. Univ. Texas 82: pi. 4, f . 1 ; Engler 

 and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3 6a : f. 68; Cact. Journ. 1: pi. for January and September; Ann. 

 Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pi. 5, f. 1; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. f. 200; Mollers Deutsche 

 Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 6; 29: 74. f. 2, 3; Gartenwelt 15: 343; Alianza Cientifica 

 Universal 3:0pp. 150 (2 plates); Arch. Exper. Path. 34: 376; West Amer. Sci. 13: 2; 

 Floralia 42 : 369. 



Figure 95 is from a photograph of a plant collected by Dr. Rose at Langtry, Texas, in 

 1908. 



3. LOPHOPHORA Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 131. 1894. 



Plant small, simple or proliferous, spineless (seedlings having a few weak pubescent bristle-like 

 spines), very succulent; ribs very broad and rounded, bearing few low tubercles; areoles round, 

 bearing flowers only when young, always filled with a tuft of erect matted hairs ; flowers borne at the 

 center of the plant, small, rotate-campanulate, white to rose-tinted; fruit club-shaped, naked, red to 

 pinkish, maturing rapidly; seeds black, tuberculate-roughened. 



Type species: Echinocactus williamsii Lemaire. 



One species is here recognized but some writers have accepted two. 



The generic name is from \6<$>os crest, and <opeco I bear, referring to the pencil of 

 hairs borne at the areole. 



This very curious little plant, although referred in turn to Echinocactus, Mammillaria, 

 and Anhalonium, has very little in common with any of those genera. In the origin of the 

 flower it is like Echinocactus, but otherwise it is very different. In its globular habit and 



