COPIAPOA. 87 



Plants subcylindric, growing in clusters of 2 to 9, usually erect, but when old often 6 dm. long 

 and spreading with ascending tips, about 12 cm. in diameter; ribs 8 to 12, low, separated by broad 

 intervals ; young areoles and tops of flowering plants filled with masses of soft brown hair ; areoles 

 large, approximate, the adjoining ones usually touching; spines 5 to 10, unequal, subulate, stout, the 

 longer one 3 cm. long; flowers small, 2.5 cm. long; outer perianth-segments broad, obtuse, with red 

 tips; inner perianth-segments yellow; stamens included; fruit naked, small, 8 mm. long; seeds black, 

 shining. 



Type locality: Chile. 



Distribution: Coastal hills of Antofagasta, Chile. 



The four species, referred above as synonyms of this one, were described between 

 1845 and 1853 and may have come from the same source. Two of them are said to have 

 been from Bolivia, but at the time they were described, Antofagasta, now a part of Chile, 

 belonged to Bolivia. Dr. Rose, when collecting in Chile in 1914 (No. 19410), found these 

 plants very common on the dry hills above Antofagasta, and a number of fine specimens 

 were sent to the New York Botanical Garden. 



We are following Pfeiffer in referring E. columnaris to this species. According to 

 Pfeiffer, both species came from Valparaiso, Chile, but Dr. Rose could find no plant of 

 this relationship about Valparaiso. Mr. Sohrens, whom he consulted, believes that 

 Pfeiffer's station was wrongly recorded. 



Illustrations: Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pi. 30, as Echinocactus marginatus; 

 Curtis's Bot. Mag. 77: pi. 4562; Loudon. Encycl. PI. ed. 3. 1378. f. 19376, as Echinocactus 

 stre ptocaulon . 



Figure 99 is copied from the second illustration above cited. 



3. Copiapoa coquimbana (Karwinsky). 



Echinocactus coquimbanus Karwinsky in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 601. 1885. 



Plants clustered, forming mounds up to 1 meter broad and 6 dm. high, composed of several 

 hundred heads ; individual heads 1 2 cm. in diameter or less, pale green, at flowering time crowned by a 

 dense mass of long white wool; ribs 10 to 17, obtuse, somewhat tubercled; radial spines 8 to 10, 

 slender, straight or somewhat recurved; central spines 1 or 2, stouter, straight, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, 

 black to gray ; flowers campanulate, 3 cm. long; outer perianth-segments distinct, linear, acute, green; 

 inner perianth-segments oblanceolate, yellow, obtuse; tube nearly or quite wanting; filaments, style, 

 and stigma-lobes yellow; ovary small, turbinate, naked. 



Type locality: Near the town of Coquimbo, Chile. 



Distribution: Province of Coquimbo, Chile. 



The Philippi Herbarium at Santiago de Chile has a specimen from Coquimbo, near 

 La Serena, labeled "Echinocactus cinerascens Lemaire," which is doubtless to be referred 

 here. E. cinerascens originally came from Copiapo, an interior town, much farther 

 north than Coquimbo. Dr. Rose found this species very abundant on the hills near La 

 Serena not far from Coquimbo (No. 19261). 



Related to this species, and perhaps not distinct from it, is Echinocactus fiedlerianus 

 Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen Nachtr. 121. 1903), but it grows farther north, not along 

 the coast but in an interior valley. The type was collected by Mr. Sohrens near Vallenar, 

 Huasco, Chile. Dr. Rose did not obtain specimens but he is now confident that this is 

 the plant which he saw in great abundance just south of Vallenar. Schumann misunder- 

 stood the relationship for he places it between Echinocactus megalothelos and E. schicken- 

 dantzii, two species of Gymnocalycium. It may be briefly characterized as follows: 



Cespitose, with a turnip-like root, depressed-globose, grayish, covered with copious wool at 

 the apex; ribs 13, tuberculate; areoles depressed; radial spines 4 to 7, 3 cm. long, subulate; flowers 

 yellow, greenish without. 



Illustration: Bluhende Kakteen 3: pi. 121, as Echinocactus coquimbanus. 

 Plate x, figure 2, shows one of the plants collected by Dr. Rose in flower. 



