98 THE CACTACEAE. 



synonyms; one of them is Echinocactus subgibbosits which Haworth states in his original 

 description comes from Valparaiso. This is doubtless Pfeiffer's Chilean element of the 

 species. Another synonym is Cereus montevidensis Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 65. 1837) which 

 is the Montevideo element. Two other names, but not described until later, E. acanthion 

 and E. interruptus, seem to represent the Mexican element. In the Addenda (181. 1837) 

 he adds two synonyms, E. crenatus and E. guyannensis. In addition to this synonymy 

 Pfeiffer described plants in the Berlin Botanical Garden, the origin of which was not stated. 



Forster's treatment (Handb. Cact. 291. 1846) is still more complex. He gives the 

 distribution: Mexico, Buenos Aires, Chile, and Brazil. With Brazil he includes Monte- 

 video, Para, and Guiana. Here he refers as synonyms those given by Pfeiffer and adds: 

 Echinocactus Valparaiso, Cereus hoffmannseggii, Mammillaria hoffmannseggii, and M. gib- 

 bosa (Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 343. 1834). He also mentions or describes the following 

 varieties: fulvispinus, dichroacanthus (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 18. 1845; 

 Cereus dichroacanthus Martius in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 76. 1837), joveolatus (Salm-Dyck, 

 Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 18. 1845; Cereus joveolatus Haage jr. in Pfeiffer, Enuni. Cact. 

 77. 1837), tcnuispinus and thrincogonus (Forster, Handb. Cact. 293. 1846; Echinocactus 

 thrincogonus Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 22. 1839). 



Echinocactus pseudo-cereus Meinshausen (Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 29. 1858) is 

 described from a barren plant supposed to have been grown from Mexican seed obtained by 

 Karwinsky. If related to Echinocactus exsculptus, as stated by Meinshausen, it is more 

 likely to have come from South America. 



Echinocactus acutissimus cristatus (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 567. 1885) probably 

 belongs here. 



Echinocactus exsculptus gayanus Monville (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 241. 1853) and 

 Echinocactus gayanus (Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 22. 1839) were never described. 



Schumann has also referred here Echinocactus hoffmannseggii (Gesamtb. Kakteen 426. 

 1898). He would also refer here Cactus berteri Colla and Echinocactus rostratus, both of 

 which were also based on Valparaiso plants. 



Echinocactus exsculptus fulvispinus (Forster, Handb. Cact. 292. 1846) was supposed to 

 be a form of the species proper, while the variety elatior (Forster, Handb. Cact. 293. 1846) 

 was referred as a synonym of one of its varieties; Echinocactus exsculptus cristatus (Forster, 

 Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 566. 1885) is only an abnormal form; Echinocactus foveolatus Haage 

 (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. t,t,. 1850) was never described but doubtless belongs 

 here. 



Echinocactus gayanus intermedins Monville (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 240. 1853) 

 appeared as a synonym of E. thrincogonus. 



Mammillaria ambigua G. Don (Loudon, Hort. Brit. 194. 1830), to which Cactus 

 ambiguus Gillies was referred, seems never to have been described. Schumann did not 

 know it, but thought that it was some Echinocactus. If it actually came from Chile, as 

 reported, it may possibly be referable here. It may be the same as Mclocactus ambiguus 

 Pfeiffer, which, however, is usually referred to Echinopsis leucantha. 



Of this relationship is the plant described and illustrated by Walton (Cact. Journ. 1: 

 105. 1898) as Echinocactus rubidus supcrbissimus which he states is native of Chile. 



Illustrations: Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino 37: pi. 17, f. 2, as Cactus berteri; Loudon, 

 Encycl. PI. ed. 3. 1201. f. 17360; Curtis's Bot. Mag. 65: pi. 3642, as Mammillaria atrata; 

 Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pi. 20; Bliihende Kakteen 3: pi. 133; Monatsschr. 

 Kakteenk. 30: 139, as Echinocactus acutissimus; Curtis's Bot. Mag. 65: pi. 3647, as Mammil- 

 laria floribunda; Martius, Fl. Bras. 4 2 : pi. 51, f. 1 ; Knippel, Kakteen pi. 7; Schelle, Handb. 

 Kakteenk. 195. f. 128, as Echinocactus exsculptus. 



Plate vin, figure 4, shows the flowering top of a plant brought by Dr. Rose to the 

 New York Botanical Garden from east of Las Vilas, Chile, in 1914. 



