128 THE CACTACEAE. 



At first globular but becoming cylindric, when very old much elongated, 2 meters long or more, 

 usually simple, but when injured often giving off several heads or branches; ribs numerous, often 25, 

 3 cm. high; areoles elliptic, large, sometimes 2.5 cm. long, brown-felted, 2 to 3 cm. apart, or the 

 flowering ones often approximate; spines variable; radials, absent in young plants, thread-like to 

 acicular, the longest 5 cm. long; central spines several, white to red, annular, all subulate, one of them 

 much stouter, usually strongly flattened, strongly hooked; flowers yellow, some red, 5 to 6 cm. 

 long; fruit yellow, oblong, scaly, 4 to 5 cm. long; seeds dull black, the surfaces covered with shallow 

 indistinct pits. 



Type locality: Dofiana, New Mexico. 



Distribution: El Paso, Texas, west through southern New Mexico and Chihuahua 

 to Arizona and Sonora and perhaps south along the Gulf of California into Sinaloa. Re- 

 ported also from Utah, perhaps erroneously, and from Lower California. 



A peculiar form was collected by J. W. Tourney at Dudleyville, Arizona, September 

 25, 1896. The spine-clusters lack the marginal bristles, the spines are shorter and the 

 flowers smaller. Mr. Tourney says that it is quite different from Echinocactus wislizeni. 



Echinocactus wislizeni latispinus (Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 168) is without descrip- 

 tion. 



Echinocactus wislizeni purpureas is in the trade (Grassner). 



Echinocactus sclerothrix Lehmann (Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1838) is a very doubtful 

 species; Schumann thought that it might be referred to E. wislizeni; if so, the name has 

 priority. 



Illustrations: Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 167. f. 97; Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. No. 4; 

 Gard. Chron. III. 8: 159. f. 25; 35: 181. f. 75; Riimpler, Sukkulenten 112. f. 62; Cact. 

 Journ. 1: pi. for March; July; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1911: pi. 6, A; Journ. Hort. Home 

 Farm. III. 60: 144; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 185:20: 57; 30: 19; Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 

 25, 26; Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 3, f. 1, 2; Hornaday, Campfires on Desert and Lava, facing 216; 

 Plant World 9: f. 47, 48; n 6 : f. 2; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 510. f. 61 ; Gard. and For. 8: 

 154. f. 24; Diet. Gard. Nicholson 4: 541. f. 25; Suppl. 337. f. 362; Watson, Cact. Cult. 126. 

 f. 49, as Echinocactus wislizeni; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 151, as Echinocactus arizonicus; 

 Saunders, Useful Wild PI. opp. 158; Gard. Chron. II. 7: 749. f. ii9;Kunze, Cactaceae 

 1909, 1910, as Echinocactus; Emory Mil. Reconn. 157. No. 5, as Echinocactus emoryi; 

 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pi. 123, A, as Echinocactus jalconeri. 



Plate 1 is from a photograph taken by Dr. MacDougal near Pima Canyon, Arizona, 

 in 1910; plate xir, figure 2, shows the flowering top of a plant sent by Dr. MacDougal to 

 the New York Botanical Garden from Torres, Mexico, in 1902. Figure 131a is from a 

 painting of Ferocactus wislizeni made for Dr. MacDougal, February 28, 191 1. 



7. Ferocactus horridus sp. nov. 



Globular, 3 dm. in diameter or more; ribs 13, broad, 2 cm. high, obtuse, not tubercled; areoles 

 1.5 to 2.5 cm. apart, large; radial spines 8 to 12, acicular, spreading, white, 3 to 4 cm. long; central 

 spines 6 to 8, very diverse, all reddish, either spreading or porrect, all straight except 1, this much 

 elongated, often 12 cm. long, much flattened, very strongly hooked; flowers and fruit unknown. 



Collected by J. N. Rose on San Francisquito Bay, Lower California, April 9, 191 1 

 (No. 16746). 



Only very small plants of this species were obtained by Dr. Rose during his hurried 

 visit at this locality in 191 1. Larger plants will doubtless be found in this same region. 

 Indeed, Ivan M. Johnston has reported seeing a plant there of this relationship which 

 was a meter high. This species, while most closely related to F. wislizeni, is much more 

 strongly armed. It has, perhaps, the most formidable spine- armament of any species of 

 this genus; the central spine is not so long as in No. 14, but is stouter and more strongly 

 hooked. 



