FEROC ACTUS. 



145 



Echinocactus longihamaius crassispinus Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 273. 1856. 

 Echinocactus longihamaius brevispinus Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 274. 1856. 

 Echinocactus flavispinus Meinshausen, Wochenshr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 28. 1858. 

 Echinocactus haematochroanthus Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 532. 1880. 

 Echinocactus hamatacanthus longihamaius Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 365. 1896. 

 Echinocactus hamatacanthus brevispinus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 366. 1896. 

 Echinocactus longihamaius sinuatus Weber in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 342. 1898. 



Solitary, globular to oblong, up to 60 cm. high ; ribs usually 13, sometimes 17, strongly tuberclecL 

 2 to 3 cm. high; areoles large, 1 to 3 cm. apart; radial spines about 12, acicular, terete, 5 to 7 cm. 

 long; central spines 4, elongated, angled, sometimes 15 cm. long, one of them hooked at apex; 

 flowers large, 7 to 8 cm. long, yellow, in some forms said to be scarlet within ; fruit oblong, 2 to 5 cm. 

 long, fleshy, edible, dark brown to drab-colored (not red) ; seeds pitted. 



Type locality: Mexico. 



Distribution: Southern Texas, New Mexico, and northern Mexico. 



This species develops elongated glands, 2 to 4 mm. long, in the areoles between the 

 flower and the spines, as do some of the others ; these at first are soft, but in age become 

 hard and spine-like. The fruit of this species is unlike that of most other species of the 

 genus: the skin is thin and the flesh juicy and edible. 



Echinocactus insignis Haage jr. (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 76. 1905), a name only, 

 was referred by Schumann as a synonym of E. longihamaius. 



The following names (not described) 

 are usually referred to this species or one of 



Figs. 153 and 153U. Ferocactus uncinatus. 



its synonyms: Echinocactus longihamatus sinuatus Weber (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 69. 

 1902), Echinocactus longihamatus bicolor (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 140. 1893), longi- 

 hamatus deflexispinus (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 69. 1902), E. longihamatus insignis 

 (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 69. 1902), and E. texensis treculianus (Forster, Handb. Cact. 

 ed. 2. 504. 1885). 



Echinocactus deflexispinus Gruson (Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 343. 1898) was 

 never described ; it was considered by Schumann to be only a form of this species. 



Illustrations: Blanc, Cacti 47. No. 556; Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pi. 16; 

 Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 159. f. 88; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pi. 9, f. 4; Forster, 



