170 THE CACTACEAE. 



15. 1839) are doubtless of this relationship. The origin was unknown and the flowers have 

 not been described. E. haageanus Linke ( Woehensehr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 86. 1858) is 

 referred here by Schumann. It is described, however, as only 8-ribbed and as coming 

 from Peru. Its flowers are not known and it doubtless can never be identified. Echino- 

 cactus tuberculatus Link and Otto (Verh. Ver. Beford. Gartenb. 3: 425. 1827; Mclocactus 

 tuberculatus Link and Otto, Verh. Ver. Beford. Gartenb. 3: pi. 26. 1827), referred by 

 Schumann to E. ingens, undoubtedly belongs elsewhere ; it is described as having only 8 ribs 

 and these obtuse; the spines are only 8. It was collected by Deppe in Mexico. Here 

 vSchumann refers E. hystrix Monville (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 183. 1853), an unpublished 

 homonym. Echinocactus ingens edulis Labouret (Monogr. Cact. 193. 1853; Echinocactus 

 cdiilis Haage in Forster, Handb. Cact. 346. 1846) is of this relationship. It is well known 

 that these species are used in central Mexico in making candy and hence the name, edulis. 

 The variety subinermis (Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 317. 1898) we do not know. Echi- 

 nocactus ingens grandis (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 116. 1907) is only a name. Echino- 

 cactus irroratus Scheidweiler (Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 6': 90. 1839; Echinocactus ingens 

 irroratus Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 191. 1853) and Echinocactus oligacanthus 

 Martius (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 53. 1837) are usually referred here. 



Echinocactus tuberculatus spiralis De Candolle (Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 115. 

 1828), a Mexican plant, is of uncertain relationship. 



Echinojossidocactus macracanthus, E. helophora, E. helophora longifossulatus, and E. kar- 

 winskianus, all briefly described by Lawrence (Loudon, Gard. Mag. 17: 318. 1841), may 

 belong here. 



Illustrations: ? Goebel, Pflanz. Sehild. 1: f. 46, as Echinocactus aulacogonus (seedling) ; 

 Nov. Act. Cur. Nat. 19 1 : pi. 16, f 2,5; Engler and Drude, Veg. Erde 13: f. 30; Contr. U. S. 

 Nat. Herb. 10: pi. 17, f. B; Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: pi. 1, sec. 3, f. 6; Rev. 

 Hort. 61: 568. f. 139; Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 1: pi. 45, 47. 



Figure 185 is copied from the second illustration cited above; figure 186 is from a photo- 

 graph taken by Dr. Rose at Ixmiquilpan, Mexico, in 1905. 



3. Echinocactus visnaga Hooker in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 77: pi. 4559. 1851. 



Echinocactus ingens visnaga Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 317. 1898. 



Very large, 2 to 3 meters high, 7 to 10 dm. in diameter, glaucous-green, the summit covered with 

 a mass of tawny wool; ribs 15 to 40, somewhat undulate but hardly tubercled, acute; areoles large, 

 approximate and sometimes almost touching one another; spines 4, stout, subulate, all radial, the 

 upper one erect, 5 cm. long, the 3 lower spreading, pale brown; flowers large, yellow, 7 to 8 cm. 

 broad when fully expanded; inner perianth-segments numerous, oblong, spatulate, acute, serrate, 

 3.5 cm. long; stigma-lobes about 12, filiform; ovary elongated, 8 to 10 cm. long, crowned by the per- 

 sistent perianth, densely lanate; scales on the upper part of ovary, at least, narrow, subpungent. 



Type locality: Near San Luis Potosi. 



Distribution: Highlands of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 



This species, one of the giant echinocacti of Mexico, was sent to Kew before 1846; 

 several specimens were sent, one weighing a ton and estimated as being a thousand years 

 old; Schumann refers this species to Echinocactus ingens and uses Hooker's plate to illus- 

 trate that species, but his description is different. 



The first place of publication of this species is in some doubt. The Index Kewensis, 

 as well as Hooker himself, the author of this species, cites Illustrated London News 1846, 

 but although the species is illustrated here, accompanied by a popular account under the 

 title of "Monster Cactus at Kew," in the text it is referred to as "Cactus (Echinocactus) of 

 [or] visnager." Hooker (Curtis's Bot. Mag. 77: pi. 4559) cites also the Kew Garden Guide 

 ed. 7. 53. 184(9?), but M r - > s - A. Skan writes us that it also appeared in the first edition 

 i847. P- 43- 



