INDIVIDUALS AND MEASUREMENTS CONSIDERED. 29 



All of the constants are of a very high order indeed. In the original 

 published series r = 0.949 0.007, while in the Gephart and Du Bois 

 selection r =0.935 0.010. The first two series of men (N = 116) gives 

 r = 0.943 0.007, while the whole series (N = 135) gives r = 0.934 0.008. 

 The first and second series of women differ a little more in the correla- 

 tions. In the first r = 0.879 ==0.019, whereas in the second the result is 

 r =0.966 0.008, a difference of 0.087 0.021. 



The high correlations justify great confidence in the technical 

 phases of the work. Had there been large errors in the measurement 

 of either oxygen consumption or carbon-dioxide production, correla- 

 tions of the order here tabled could hardly have been secured. 



The basal metabolism of all our subjects was measured by well- 

 known methods. 



A few determinations were made by the Tissot method 11 with all 

 of the niceties of manipulation that have been worked out by Dr. T. M. 

 Carpenter, of the Nutrition Laboratory staff. 12 The larger number of 

 measurements in the original Nutrition Laboratory series were made 

 with a universal respiration apparatus devised at the Nutrition Lab- 

 oratory and designated as the unit apparatus. The earlier and more 

 modern forms of this apparatus 13 differ somewhat in the provision made 

 for expansion in the closed air-circuit. Certain of the results obtained 

 with the bed calorimeter 14 are quite comparable with those due to the 

 use of the universal respiration apparatus and are included in the 

 original Nutrition Laboratory series. 



Finally, a number were made with the clinical respiration apparatus 

 at the New England Deaconess Hospital, under the skillful technique 

 of Miss M. A. Corson, of the Laboratory staff. 15 



An elaborate series of comparisons, in which all of these various 

 methods have been critically tested, shows that the basal metabolism 

 determined by any one is comparable with that determined by any 

 other. 16 



The heat-productions determined directly in the bed calorimeter 

 are omitted, and are replaced by those indirectly computed from the 

 gaseous exchange and the respiratory quotient. Thus all the values 

 of total heat-production are due to indirect calorimetry and are exactly 

 comparable among themselves. 



All of the apparatus employed at the Nutrition Laboratory was 

 made and tested there. That used at Battle Creek was built on the 

 ground, but was subsequently tested and approved by Roth and one 



1 Tissot, Journ. de physiol. et de pathol. gen., 1904, 6, p. 688. 



12 Carpenter, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 216, 1915, p. 61. 



13 For the original description see Benedict, Am. Journ. Physiol., 1909, 24, p. 345. The more 



modern form is described in Deutsch. Archiv. f. klin. Med., 1912, 107, p. 156. 



14 Benedict and Carpenter, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 123, 1910, p. 45. 



15 The description of this apparatus is given in detail by Benedict and Tompkins, Boston Med. 



and Surg. Journ., 1916, 174, pp. 857, 898, 939. 



16 Carpenter, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 216, 1915. 



