BASAL METABOLISM OF NORMAL MEN AND WOMEN. 219 



as measured by the Du Bois height-weight chart. The fifth column 

 shows the deviations of the observed from the theoretical values when 

 the latter are calculated by the simultaneous use of stature and body- 

 weight. Finally, the last column shows the deviations of the observed 

 from the theoretical values when body-weight, stature, and age are 

 simultaneously taken into account. 



Taking deviations of 37 to +37 as representing a central "zero" 

 class, we note that by all methods there is a large excess of negative 

 differences i.e., of differences indicating a lower metabolism in women. 

 Thus, on the basis of computation involving age there are only 5 

 individuals showing a metabolism more than 37 calories per day above 

 their theoretical heat-production as compared with 89 showing a 

 metabolism of over 37 calories below their theoretical heat-production. 

 When computation is based on body-surface area, only 15 women 

 show more than 37 calories per day above their theoretical heat- 

 production as compared with 69 who are in defect by the same amount 

 or more. On the basis of stature the individuals of the two classes 

 stand in the ratio of 17 to 72; on the basis of body- weight in the ratio 

 of 9 to 83; on the basis of both weight and stature in the ratio of 

 14 to 72, and on the basis of weight, stature, and age in the ratio of 

 13 to 68. Thus the results for individuals fully substantiate the 

 conclusions based on averages above. 



4. COMPARISON OF BASAL METABOLISM OF MALE AND FEMALE 



NEW-BORN INFANTS. 



The foregoing analysis of the data for adults has demonstrated 

 beyond all question the differentiation of the adult male and female 

 individual in man in respect to metabolic activity. From the stand- 

 point of the student of the physiology of sex it is important to inquire 

 whether this differentiation obtains only during the period of adult 

 life or whether it is demonstrable in infancy. To test this matter, we 

 naturally turn to Dr. Fritz B. Talbot's series of new-born infants. 18 

 The method to be followed is identical with that used above. We 

 shall predict the metabolism of girl infants from constants based on 

 the boys and determine the sign and the magnitude of the difference 

 between the observed and calculated values. We require, therefore, 

 equations showing the regression of total heat on stature (body-length), 

 on weight, and on body-surface in the male infants. These are 



h =25.156+34.517 w, h = -229.576 +7.340 s, h = -31.703 +749.914 a L 



where h = total heat per 24 hours, w = weight, s = stature (length), and 

 a L = body-surf ace area computed by the Lissauer formula. 



The results for the infants grouped by body-length are shown under 

 the caption "Prediction from linear equations" in table 85. In three 



16 Benedict and Talbot, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 233, 1915. 



