7. Anthozoa (incl. Hydrocorallia). A. Zoantharia. 29 



is incapable of indefinite growth but at a certain period undergoes some process 

 of repetition. Just as the initial colony is built up by the addition of calicle 

 units so the adult stock is built up of colonial units. The stony corals thus 

 exemplify the principle of metamerism. The so-called solitary corals are 

 really colonies produced by gemmation in which only the last member of the 

 series remains alive. In G. the initial colony is repeatedly overgrown by 

 others with distinct edges but with the trabeculse running smoothly throughout 

 the whole this is a case where a multitude of polyps bud simultaneously 

 from the surface of a previous multitude and fit so accurately over one another 

 that each new polyp continues the growth of the skeleton of its corresponding 

 polyp of the previous colony. - 102 forms of P. are described arranged in 

 8 geographical groups West African Coast and Cape Verde Islands, Brazil, West 

 Indian Islands, West Coast of Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Floridan Reefs, 

 Bahamas and Bermuda, unknown Atlantic and West Indian localities,' European 

 fossil forms. 16 specimens of unknown origin are also described and 16 forms 

 of G. added to those described in Vol. 4 [see Bericht f. 1904 Coel. p 1J. 



Marenzeller( 1 ) concludes that there is a young stage common to all Eupsam- 

 minse which show regularly developed septa of 3 orders. The tertiary septa 

 generally appear very early, in Thecopsammia tintinnabulum even when the 

 calicle is only 4 mm high. Rhodopsammia and Heteropsammia most clearly 

 fulfil the conditions of v. Koch's law of growth, the septa of the 4th order 

 appear in their proper positions, and in large calicles there are also some 

 septa of the 5th order. Coenopsammia ehrenbergiana, Th. tint., Anisopsammia 

 rostrata and the doubtful Leptopsammia pruvoti are also examples of regular 

 development. In other cases after the formation of the tertiary septa the 

 subsequent series are only partially formed. The new septa always arise in 

 the entocoels between the septa of the immediately preceding series, e. g. the 

 4th order between those of the 3rd and 2nd (not 3rd and 1st). The number 

 of septa of the 4th order in the Eupsamminse is either regular and equal to 

 the sum of the earlier septa or amounts to only half the sum. Of those of 

 the 5th order there are at most only a half or a fourth developed. In Th. 

 tint, and possibly also in L. pruvoti all the septa remain free, in the other 

 Eupsamminae examined the tertiary septa either simply lie on the secondary 

 ones or completely enclose them, uniting within the inner edge of the 

 secondary septa to form an apparently simple lamella which fuses with the 

 columella. This process may later be repeated in regard to other septa. 



Marenzeller( 3 ) has examined the reef corals (750 examples) obtained in 

 the Red Sea by the "Pola" and records the following, describing many in 

 detail Acropora 14 (2 n.), Montipora 1 (2 n.), Forties 2, Goniopora 1, 

 Alveopora 1, TurbinariaS (1 n.j, Astrceopora 1, Balanophyllia 1, Coenopsammia 2, 

 Stylophora 4 (1 n.), Poeillopora 2, Seriatopora 2, Galaxea 2, Mussa 1, Antillia 1, 

 Neandra 1, Hydrophora 1, Favia 2, Goniastrcea 4, Orbicella 3, Cyphastrcea 2, 

 Echinopora 2, Fungia 8 (1 n.), Herpolitha 1, Pavonia 2, Coscinarcea 1, Psammo- 

 cora 1, Heterocyathus 1. He supplements the descriptions given of many of 

 the species by Klunzinger and has combined some of K.'s species. In the 

 southern portion of the Red Sea where the water, owing to the incoming current 

 from the Indian Ocean, has a higher temperature and a decreased salinity, 

 most of the new forms were found and many of the previously described species 

 show peculiar modifications. - - See also Marenzeller( 2 ). 



Gardiner (^ describes Desmophyllum 1 n., Flabellum 1, Sphenotrochus 1 n., 

 Trochocyathus 2, Heterocyathus 1, Caryophyllia 4 (2 n.), Ceratotrochus 1, Dun- 

 cania 1 n., Cyathoceras 1. The author examined about 900 specimens of H. 



e* 



