AMARYLLIS BRUNSVIGIA BRUNSDONNA. 



35 



well separated but the hybrid curves very close together, 

 as in the cupric-chloride reactions. (See following 

 section.) 



Amaryllis in some reactions shows a higher reactivity 

 than Brunsvigid, in others the reverse, and in others no 

 essential difference. There is higher reactivity of 

 Amaryllis with chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, so- 

 dium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, 

 uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper 

 nitrate, and cupric chloride ; but a lower reactivity with 

 chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, sodium sulphide, barium 

 chloride, and mercuric chloride. No essential differences 

 are noted in the reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric 

 acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, and potas- 

 sium iodide, because of the great rapidity of the reac- 

 tions, while in the potassium-sulphocyanate reactions 

 an important difference is noted only at the end of the 

 5-minute period. 



Comparing the parental and hybrid curves (eliminat- 

 ing reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, and potassium hydroxide because of their 

 high rapidity obscuring differences), it will be observed 

 that the curves tend to be grouped in couples corre- 

 sponding to parents and hybrids, each couple taking its 

 own course, which may be similar or dissimilar to the 

 course of the other coiiple ; that the parental curves are 

 lower than those of the hybrids in the reaction with 

 chloral hydrate; that the parental curves are higher than 

 those of the hybrids in the reactions with pyrogallic acid, 

 potassium iodide, potassium sulphoeyanate, sodium hy- 

 droxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium ni- 

 trate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, ba- 

 rium chloride, and mercuric chloride ; and that the paren- 

 tal curves tend to IIP intermediate, or approximately so, 

 in those with potassium sulphide, sodium salicylate, and 

 strontium nitrate. In the chromic-acid reactions all four 

 curves run very close together, the only notable difference 

 being seen at the end of 5 minutes,, at which time the 

 parental curves are higher than the hybrid curves, very 

 soon after which the hybrid curves tend to intermediate- 

 ness. The most remarkable feature of these curves, as a 

 whole, is seen in most of the reactions in the more or less 

 markedly lower degree of reactivity of the hybrids than 

 of the parents. 



The curves of the hybrids tend, as a rule, to keep 

 close together, there being a well-marked inclination to 

 separation in only the reactions with sodium hydroxide, 

 sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, and 

 copper nitrate. In reactions of the hybrids with nitric 

 acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and potassium 

 hydroxide, gelatinization occurs so rapidly that no satis- 

 factory differentiation can be made; but in the reactions 

 with chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, potassium sulpho- 

 cyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium 

 salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt ni- 

 trate, and copper nitrate the curves of Brunsdonna san- 

 derce alba are lower than those of the other hybrid ; and 

 they are practically the same in the reactions with 

 chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, strontium nitrate, cupric 

 chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



A marked early period of resistance that is followed 

 by a moderate to rapid reaction is observed in these four 



starches in comparatively few instances. In some it is 

 observed in all four starches, as in the chloral-hydrate 

 reactions; in others, in one, two, or three, as the case 

 may be, as in the reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic 

 acid, potassium iodide, and sodium hydroxide. In a 

 number of the reactions either a very rapid reaction 

 occurs at once, particularly with the mineral acids, 

 potassium hydroxide, and potassium sulphide, or a very 

 slow reaction, as with barium chloride and mercuric 

 chloride. Both types of reaction may be present, as with 

 potassium sulphocyanate; in other instances there may 

 be various forms of combination and gradation of these 

 types of curves. 



The courses of the curves are not identical with any 

 j two reagents (excepting in the case of nitric acid, sul- 

 phuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and potassium hydrox- 

 ide, in which it is shown that the reactions occur too 

 quickly for any or at least an entirely satisfactory dif- 

 ferentiation), so that each reagent carries with its reac- 

 tions the stamp of individuality. While in case of 

 some of the charts the curves at first glance may 

 convey the impression of close similarity, as in the reac- 

 tions with sodium sulphide, uranium nitrate, copper ni- 

 trate, and cupric chloride, even a superficial examination 

 will show well-defined differences. The parental curves 

 are very nearly alike in their course, but with the im- 

 portant exception that in the sodium-sulphide reactions 

 the Amaryllis curve is the lower, while in the other three 

 reactions it is the higher a striking difference. The 

 hybrid curves in the four reactions do not correspond 

 in their courses with the peculiarities of the parental 

 curves, and in no two are they identical. The curve 

 of Brunsdonna sundera' alba is always the lowest, and 

 the curves of both hybrids show a direct quantitative 

 relationship to the parental curves in so far as when the 

 parental curves are lower the hybrid curves are lower. 

 While the parental curves tend to run closely together 

 the two hybrid curves exhibit some degree of independ- 

 ence, not only of the parents but also of each other. 



The earliest period during the 60 minutes at which 

 the curves are best separated for differential purposes is 

 variable with the different reagents, and in some in- 

 stances no definite time can be stated, owing to extreme 

 rapidity of the reactions, while in other instances state- 

 ments must be made with reserve. Approximately, this 

 period is noted at the end of 3 minutes in the potassium- 

 sulphide reactions ; at the end of 5 minutes in the reac- 

 tions with chromic acid, potassium iodide, potassium 

 sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, 

 strontium nitrate, and cupric chloride; at the end of 

 15 minutes in the reactions with chloral hydrate, sodium 

 sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, and copper 

 nitrate; at the end of 30 minutes in the reactions with 

 pyrogallic acid ; and at the end of 60 minutes in the 

 reactions with calcium nitrate, barium chloride, and 

 mercuric chloride. 



REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRIDS. 



This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the 

 hybrids as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, 

 and deficit in relation to those of the parents. (Table 

 A 1 and Charts D 1 to D 21.) 



The reactivities of Brunsdonna sanderce alba are the 

 same as those of the seed parent in reactions with polar- 



