HjEMANTHUS CRINUM. 



51 



tions being high to very high. It is of interest to note 

 that in the sodium-salicylate reactions, with the excep- 

 tion of the reaction of //. magnificus, the curves are not 

 only very high but also the same, while in this species 

 the curve is distinctly lower than in the former. In the 

 other reactions the curves of all of the starches show 

 an unmistakable tendency toward coincidence in direc- 

 tion, the rises and falls being quite in harmony, except- 

 ing in //. puniceus with pyrogallic acid, in which there 

 is a marked aberration, this curve rising while the 

 curves of the other four fall. This peculiarity has been 

 found in other genera, and is doubtless of both botanical 

 and general biological significance. Comparing the 

 curves of the three species, the curve of II. puniceus 

 tends to be the highest, that of H. katherinw the lowest, 

 and that of //. magnificus intermediate, but near that 

 of II. katheriruB. 



According to Baker, 77. katherince belongs to the sub- 

 genus' Nerissa, and H. puniceus and H. magnificus to 

 the subgenus Gyraxis, but the results of this investiga- 

 tion indicate that H. katherinw and II. magnificus are 

 much more closely related than are H. puniceus and II. 

 magnificus. The curves of the former are such as to 

 indicate different species of a subgenus, while the curve 

 of H. puniceus is, as a whole, so well separated from 

 those of the other two species as to point to this specie? 

 being a member of another subgenerie group. 



In comparing the influences of the parents on the 

 properties of the offspring, it will be seen that in both 

 sets there is a manifest greater potency of II. Icatherirur 

 than of the other parent, this being decidedly more 

 marked in the //. katherincB-puniceus-konig albert set 

 than in the II. katherinae-magnificus-andromeda set. 



7. COMPARISONS OF THE STARCHES OF CRINUM 

 MOOREI, C. ZEYLANICUM, AND C. IIYBRIDUM J. 



C. HARVEY. 



In histologic characteristics, in polariscopic figures, 

 in the reactions with selenite, in the color reactions with 

 iodine, and in the qualitative reactions with the various 

 chemical reagents it will be noted that the starches of 

 the parents and hybrid exhibit properties in common in 

 varying degrees of development, and also individualities 

 which collectively are characteristic in each case. The 

 starch grains of Crimtm zeylanicum in comparison with 

 those of C. moorei exhibit differences in the proportion? 

 of certain of the conspicuous forms ; not so much irregu- 

 larity of the grains; certain protuberances and curva- 

 tures that are not observed in C. moorei; differences in 

 size and definition of components of certain compound 

 grains ; and more broadening and flattening of the grains. 

 The hilum is less refractive and has less frequently a 

 rounded cavity; the fissures are more numerous and 

 deeper, and a dragon-fly form may be present; a longi- 

 tudinal fissure, rarely observed in C. moorei, is usually 

 present, and it is longer, deeper, and branched ; and the 

 eccentricity is more variable. The lamellae are finer 

 distalward from the hilum than in C. moorei; there are 

 some differences in the conspicuousness, distribution, 

 and number of the coarse, fairly coarse, and secondary 

 lamellae ; and the number of lamellae is less. In size there 

 is less variation, and the grains are, on the whole, dis- 



tinctly larger. In polariscopic properties, reactions with 

 selenite, and qualitative reactions with iodine there are 

 minor differences. There are also differences in the 

 qualitative reactions with the chemical reagents. The 

 grains of the hybrid are, in form, characters of the hilum 

 and lamellae, and in size in ratio of length to width 

 closer to those of C. zeylanicum, but in length closer to 

 C. moorei. In polariscopic figures, reactions with sele- 

 nite, and qualitative reactions with iodine they are dis- 

 tinctly closer to those of C. zeylanicum. In the qualita- 

 tive reactions with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, potas- 

 sium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulpho- 

 cyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium sulphide, sodium 

 salicylate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric 

 chloride alliances to both parental starches are noted, 

 but the relationship to C. zeylanicum is markedly closer 

 than to the other parent. The resemblances to C. moorei 

 are most prominent in the sodium-salicylate reactions. 



Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- 

 ture Reactions. 

 Polarization: 



C. moorei, high to very high, value 85. 



C. zeylanicum, very high, much higher than C. moorei, value 93. 

 C. hybridum j. c. harvey, high to very high, higher than C. zeylani- 

 cum, value 95. 

 Iodine: 



C. moorei, moderate, value 60. 



C. zeylanicum, light to moderate, value 35. 



C. hybridum j. c. harvey, light, about the same as C. zeylanicum 



value 35. 

 Gentian violet: 



C. moorei, moderate to deep, value 65. 



C. zeylanicum, moderate deep to deep, deeper than C. moorei, 



value 67. 

 C. hybridum j. c. harvey, moderately deep to deep, deeper than 



either parent, value 70. 

 Safranin: 



C. moorei, moderately deep to deep, value 65. 



C. zeylanicum, moderately deep to deep, deeper than in C. moorei, 



value 67. 

 C. hybridum j. c. harvey, moderate to deep, the mean lighter than 



in either parent, value 60. 

 Temperature: 



C. moorei, majority at 68 to 70, all but rare grains at 70 to 71, 



mean 70.5. 

 C. zeylanicum, majority at 77 to 78, all but rare grains at 79 to 



80, mean 79.5. 



C. hybridum j. c. harvey, majority at 78 to 80, all but rare Brains 

 at 80 to 82, mean 81. 



The reactivities of C. moorei are lower than those of 

 C. zeylanicum in the reactions with polarization, gentian 

 violet, and safranin, and higher in those with iodine and 

 temperature. In all of these reactions, excepting the 

 safranin, the hybrid is closer to C. zeylanicum than to 

 the other parent. In the iodine reaction it is the same 

 as that of C. zeylanicum and lower than that of C. moorei. 

 In the polarization and gentian violet the reactivities are 

 higher than in either parent, and in the temperature 

 reaction lower than in either parent. The marked differ- 

 ences in the temperature reactions of the parental 

 starches and the much closer relationship of the hybrid 

 to C. zeylanicum are very striking. In none of these 

 reactions is there the least tendency to intermediateness 

 of the hybrid, but distinctly with one exception to excess 

 or deficit in relation to parental extremes. 



Table A 7 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- 

 ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals 

 (minutes) : 



