CRINUM. 



53 



deficit iii relation to the parents. (Table A 7 and Charts 

 D 127 to D 147.) 



The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of 

 the seed parent in none of the reactions ; the same as those 

 of the pollen parent in the reactions with iodine, chromic 

 acid, nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, 

 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper 

 nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric 

 chloride ; the same as those of both parents in none of 

 the reactions; intermediate in those with chloral hydrate, 

 hydrochloric acid, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, 

 and strontium nitrate, in all of which being closer to 

 the pollen parent; highest with polarization and gentian 

 violet, in both being closer to the pollen parent; and 

 the lowest with safranin,, temperature, pyrogallic acid, 

 sulphuric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocya- 

 nate, and potassium sulphide, in G being closer to the 

 pollen parent and in 1 closer to the seed parent. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties : Same as seed parent, ; same as pollen parent, 12 ; 

 6ame as both parents, 0; intermediate, 5; highest, 2; 

 lowest, 7. 



Intermediateness is recorded in less than one-fifth 

 of the reactions; excess and deficit of reactivity is almost 

 twice as frequent as intermediateness ; and sameness as 

 the pollen parent is noted as often as intermediateness 

 and excess and deficit combined. From these data the 

 seed parent has exercised very little influence on the 

 properties of the starch of the hybrid. 



COMPOSITE CURVES OF REACTION-INTENSITIES. 



This section deals with the composite curves of the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Crinum moorei, C. zeylanicum, and C. hybri- 

 dum j. c. harvey. (Chart E 7.) 



The most conspicuous features of the chart may be 

 summed up as follows: 



(1) The wide separation of the curve of C. moorei 

 in four-fifths of the reactions from the curves of C. zey- 

 lanicum and the hybrid, which latter tend to run to- 

 gether with remarkable closeness. 



(2) In C. mporei, the lower polarization and gen- 

 tian-violet reactions coupled with higher reactions with 

 iodine, heat, and with all of the chemical reagents as 

 compared with C. zeylanicum. 



(3) The differences in the relative positions of the 

 three curves of reaction with polarization, iodine, gentian 

 violet, and saf rauin ; as for instance, the curves of C. 

 moorei being lowest in polarization, highest in iodine, 

 lowest in gentian-violet, and intermediate in safranin 

 reactions, and thereafter in the chart always highest. 



(4) In C. moorei, the very high reactions with polar- 

 ization, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hy- 

 drochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, 

 potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium 

 sulphide, sodium salicylate, and strontium nitrate; the 

 high reactions with gentian violet, safranin, and chromic 

 acid; the moderate reactions with iodine, temperature, 

 calcium nitrate, and uranium nitrate ; the low reactions 

 with chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, 

 copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; 

 and the very low reaction with barium chloride. 



(5) In C. zeylanicum the very high polarization 

 reactions ; the high reactions with gentian violet, safranin, 

 and sulphuric acid ; the moderate reactions with chromic 

 acid, pyrogallic acid, and sodium salicylate ; the low reac- 

 tions with iodine and temperature; and the very low 

 reactions with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, hydrochloric 

 acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium 

 sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, 

 sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, stron- 



tium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chlo- 

 ride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



(6) In C. hybridum j. c. harvey, the very high reac- 

 tion with polarization ; the high with gentian violet and 

 safraniu ; the moderate with chromic acid and sodium 

 salicylate; the low with iodine, temperature, pyrogallic 

 acid, and sulphuric acid, and the very low with chloral 

 hydrate, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hy- 

 droxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, 

 potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 

 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, co- 

 balt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium 

 chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties: 



8. COMPARISONS OF THE STARCHES OF CRINUM 

 ZEYLANICUM, C. LONGIFOLIUM, AND C. KIECAPE. 



In histologic characteristics, in polariscopic figures, 

 in the reactions with selenite, in the reactions with 

 iodine, and in the qualitative reactions with the various 

 chemical reagents it will be noted that the starches of 

 the parents and hybrid exhibit not only properties in 

 common in varying degrees of development, but also 

 individualities which collectively are in each case charac- 

 teristic of the starch. The starch of C. long i folium 

 shows in comparison with that of Crinum zeylanicum a 

 much smaller proportion of aggregates and compound 

 grains; that irregularities are more prominent and more 

 frequently present; and that the majority of the grains 

 are broader, relatively and absolutely, and more flattened. 

 The hilum is not quite so frequently fissured and is 

 slightly less refractive ; multiple hila are absent, although 

 present in C. zeylanicum; the fissures are, as a rule, less 

 deep ; and eccentricity is somewhat greater. The lamel- 

 lae are more distinct distalward and often more discern- 

 ible in this region than in a lustrous band at the distal 

 margin, which is the reverse of what is noted in C. zey- 

 lanicum; there are some numerical differences in the 

 lamella? and bands of lamella?, and also in the lengths 

 of the bands; and the number of the lamellae is less. 

 The common sizes are nearly the same, the larger grains 

 are larger, and, in case of both, the width is greater than 

 the length the opposite to what is seen in C. zeylani- 

 cum. In polariscopic figures, reactions with selenite, 

 qualitative reactions with iodine, reactions with gentian 

 violet and safranin, and qualitative reactions with the 

 chemical reagents there are differences, some of them 

 striking, and of variable degrees of importance in 

 differentiation. 



The starch of the hybrid in form, hilum, lamellae, 

 and size bears in most respects a closer relationship to 

 that of C. zeylanicum than to that of the other parent, 

 but in some instances the reverse. The same is true of 

 the polariscopic figures and reactions with seleuite. In 

 the iodine reactions it is distinctly closer to C. zeylani- 

 cum. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, 

 nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, po- 

 tassium sulphocyanate, sodium sulphide, sodium sali- 

 cylate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric 

 chloride the relationships are, on the whole, much closer 

 to C. zeylanicum, but in certain respects here and there 

 closer to C. longifolium. Marked individualities of the 



