CRINUM. 



55 



reactions with nitric acid, potasium hydroxide, and po- 

 tassium sulphocyanate reactivity during the first 5 min- 

 utes is distinctly higher in the hybrid than in G. 

 zeylanicum. 



(2) As the reactions proceed the tendency, with two 

 exceptions, is for the hybrid curves to become well sepa- 

 rated from those of C. zeylanicum , becoming interme- 

 diate, yet keeping closer to this parent than to C. 

 longifolium. The starch therefore manifests the reac- 

 tive properties of both parents, but is influenced dis- 

 tinctly more by the high resistant properties of C. 

 zeylanicum than by the relatively low resistant properties 

 of C. longifolium. The degrees of separation of the three 

 curves vary remarkably in the different reactions. In 

 some reactions they are to a notable extent separated, 

 showing correspondingly wide differences in reaction- 

 intensities of all three starches, as is especially marked 

 in the reactions with nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, 

 potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sul- 

 phocyanate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sulphide; in 

 others, the three curves tend to be comparatively close, 

 as in especially the sulphuric-acid reaction. In others 

 there is marked tendency for the curve of C. longifolium 

 to be separated from those of C. zeylanicum and the 

 hybrid, the two latter inclining markedly toward one 

 another, as in especially the reactions with chromic acid, 

 potassium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, 

 uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cop- 

 per nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mer- 

 curic chloride. In other reactions various gradations 

 of relationship exist between the foregoing groups. The 

 comparative slowness of the C. kircape reactions appears 

 to be due in some cases to the high resistance of the 

 starches during particularly the earlier period of the 

 reactions, as for instance, in those with chromic acid, 

 potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium salicylate. In cer- 

 tain other reactions the resistance during the same period 

 is low. 



The best period for the differentiation of the starches 

 is in most of the reactions at the end of 30 minutes, in- 

 cluding here those with chromic acid, nitric acid, potas- 

 sium hydroxide, potassium iodide, and sodium salicylate; 

 in a few at the end of 15 minutes, as in those with pyro- 

 gallic acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and potas- 

 sium sulphocyanate ; in others at the end of 60 minutes, 

 as in those with chloral hydrate, calcium nitrate, uranium 

 nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, 

 cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 

 In some of these reactions the differences between the 

 figures for C. zeylanicum and C. kircape are trilling and 

 within the limits of error, as in the reactions with chloral 

 hydrate, potassium sulphide, barium chloride, and mer- 

 curic chloride ; and in certain others the variations are 

 unimportant, as in those with chromic acid, potassium 

 sulphide, uranium nitrate, copper nitrate, ami cuprie 

 chloride. 



REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRIDS. 



This section deals with the reaction-intensities of 

 the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess 

 and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 8 and 

 Charts D 148 to D 168.) 



The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those 

 of the seed parent in the reactions with chloral hydrate, 

 potassium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride; 

 the same as those of the pollen parent with gentian violet ; 

 the same as those of both parents in none ; intermediate 

 in those with iodine, temperature, chromic acid, pyrogal- 

 lic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, 

 potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sul- 

 phocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium 



nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper ni- 

 trate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride (in 3 being 

 closer to those of the pollen parent; in 15 being closer 

 to the seed parent; and in several being nearly the same) ; 

 highest in the polarization and safraniu reactions, in 

 both being closer to the seed parent; and the lowest in the 

 sodium salicylate reaction and closer to the seed parent. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties : Same as seed parent, 4 ; same as pollen parent, 1 ; 

 same as both parents, 0; intermediate, 18; highest, 2; 

 lowest, 1. 



The tendency to intermediateness and to the seed 

 parent is very marked, and it is obvious from these data 

 that the pollen parent has exercised comparatively very 

 little influence on the properties of the starch of the 

 hybrid, the reverse of what was recorded in the preced- 

 ing set, in which C. zeylanicum is the pollen parent, 

 while in this set this species is the seed parent, from 

 which it seems that C. zeylanicum is the potent parent, 

 whether seed or pollen, in determining the properties 

 of the hybrid. 



COMPOSITE CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. 



This section deals with the composite curves of the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Crinum zeylanicum, C. longifolium, and C. 

 kircape. ( Chart E 8.) 



The most conspicuous features of the chart may be 

 summed up as follows : 



(1) The very distinct separation of the curves of 

 C. zeylanicum and C. kircape from the curve of C. longi- 

 folium, excepting in the reactions with polarization, 

 iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature. 



(2) The intermediate position of the curve of the 

 hybrid (except in the reactions with polarization, iodine, 

 safrauin, and sodium salicylate and its relative closeness, 

 with few exceptions, to the curve of 0. zeylanicum. In 

 the reactions with safraniu, chromic acid, and pyrogallic 

 acid the curve is closer to that of C. longifolium; and 

 in the gentian-violet reaction it is the same as in C. 

 longifolium. 



(3) In C. zeylanicum the very high reaction with 

 polarization; the high reactions with gentian violet, 

 safranin, and sulphuric acid ; the moderate reactions with 

 chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, and sodium salicylate ; the 

 low reactions with iodine and temperature reactions ; and 

 the very low reactions with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, 

 hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, 

 potassium sulphocyauate, potassium sulphide, sodium 

 hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium ni- 

 trate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, 

 cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



(4) In C. longifolium the very high reactions with 

 polarization, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, 

 hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium 

 iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium hydroxide ; 

 the high reactions with gentian violet, safranin, chromic 

 acid, sodium salicylate, and strontium nitrate ; the mod- 

 erate reactions with iodine and sodium sulphide ; the low 

 reactions with temperature, chloral hydrate, potassium 

 sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, 

 copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; 

 and the very low reactions with barium chloride. 



(5) In C. kircape the very high reaction with polar- 

 ization ; the high reactions with gentian violet, safranin, 

 chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, and sulphuric acid; the 

 low reactions with iodine, temperature, nitric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulpho- 

 cyanate, and sodium salicylate ; and the very low reactions 

 with chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, potassium sul- 



