NARCISSUS. 



83 



sulphuric acid, there are differences of minor charac- 

 ters. The starch of the hybrid has more isolated and more 

 simple grains than either parent, and in form it is more 

 closely related, on the whole, to N. empress than to N. 

 albicans; moreover, some characteristics of the former 

 are accentuated. The hilum is less fissured than in 

 either parent, and in both character and eccentricity of 

 the hilum it is in closer relationship to N. albicans. In 

 the character and number of the lamella? the relation- 

 ship is closer to N, albicans, but in size the relationship 

 is closer to N. empress. In the character of the polari- 

 scopic figure and appearance with selenite the relation- 

 ship is closer to N. empress. In the qualitative iodine 

 reactions the raw grains behave more like those of N. 

 empress, while after the grains are boiled there are no 

 differences noted in the three starches. In the qualita- 

 tive reactions with the chemical reagents peculiarities of 

 both parents are evident. In the reactions with chloral 

 hydrate, chromic acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid the 

 relationship is, on the whole, closer to N. empress; but 

 in the pyrogallic-acid reaction the relationship is closer 

 to the other parent. 



Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- 

 ture Reactions. 

 Polarization: 



N. empress, low to high, value 42. 



N. albicans, low to high, lower than in N. empress, value 37. 



N. madame de graaff, low to high, the same as in N. albicans, 



value 37. 

 Iodine: 



N. empress, moderate, value 50. 



N. albicans, moderate, higher than in N. empress, value 55. 



N. madame de graaff, moderate, the same as in N. empress, valueSO. 

 Gentian violet: 



N. empress, light to moderate, value 43. 



N. albicans, light to moderate, somewhat lees than in N. empress, 

 value 40. 



N. madame de graaff, light to moderate, the same as in N. empress, 



value 43. 

 Safranin: 



N. empress, moderate, value 53. 



N. albicans, moderate, somewhat less than in N. empress, value 50. 



N. madame de graaff, moderate, the same as in N. empress, value 53. 

 Temperature: 



N. empress, in majority at 70 to 71, in all at 73 to 74, mean 73.5. 



N. albicans, in majority at 70.2 to 72, in all at 73 to 75. mean 74. 



N. madame de graaff, in majority at 70 to 72, in all at 73.5 to 75, 

 mean 74.25. 



The reactivity of N. empress is higher than that of 

 the other parent in the reactions with polarization, gen- 

 tian violet, safranin, and temperature ; and lower in the 

 iodine reaction. The reactivity of the hybrid is the 

 same or practically the same as that of N. empress in the 

 reactions with iodine, gentian violet, and safranin, and 

 the same or practically the same as that of the other 

 parent in the polarization, iodine, and temperature reac- 

 tions. In no reaction is there intermediateness of the 

 hybrid. 



Table A 20 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- 

 age of total starch gelatinized at definite time-intervals. 



VELOCITY-REACTION CORVES. 



This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of 

 the starches of Narcissus empress, N. albicans, and A 7 . 

 madame de graaff, showing the quantitative differences 

 in the behavior toward different reagents at definite 

 time-intervals. (Charts D 317 to D 323.) 



The most conspicuous features of these charts are : 



(1) The close correspondence in the courses of the 

 three curves in all of the reactions (with the exception 

 of the sulphuric-acid reaction, in which reaction is so 

 rapid that there is no differentiation), and the tendency 

 mostly to moderate to low reactivity. 



(2) The varying relations of the parental curves to 

 each other and the hybrid in the different reactions, ex- 

 cepting the sulphuric-acid reaction during the progress 

 of the reactions. 



(3) The curve of N. empress is distinctly lower than 

 that of the other parent in the reactions with chloral 

 hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, and nitric acid, 

 especially in that with pyrogallic acid. 



(4) The hybrid curve is the highest of the three in 

 the chloral-hydrate reaction; lowest with chromic acid 

 and nitric acid; and intermediate with pyrogallic acid. 

 In the reactions with chromic acid and nitric acid it is 

 more closely related to N. empress, while in those with 

 chloral hydrate and pyrogallic acid more closely related 

 to N. albicans. 



(5) A tendency to an early period of resistance fol- 

 lowed by a comparatively rapid reactivity is noticed in 

 the reactions with chromic acid and pyrogallic acid in 

 all three starches in the former and in two in the latter. 

 There are also suggestions of early resistance in the other 

 two reactions. 



(6) The earliest period at which the three curves are 

 best separated for differential purposes is in the sul- 

 phuric-acid reaction at the very beginning of the reac- 

 tions; in those with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric 

 acid, and chloral hydrate at 15 minutes. 



EEACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. 



This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the 

 hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, 

 and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 20 and 

 Charts D 317 to D 322.) 



The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those 

 of the seed parent in the reactions with iodine, gentian 

 violet, and safranin ; the same as those of the pollen 

 parent in the polarization reaction ; the same as those 

 of both parents in none; intermediate with pyrogallic 



